苗族服饰图腾图案的美学探析

【作者】 郭欣欣；

【导师】 段建军；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 美学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 作为苗族独特文化的一个及其重要的特征,服饰在苗族的社会文化、情感表达和历史传承中扮演了至关重要的角色,成为了历史文化直观的表现形式和有形载体,表现了民族心理显著的内部与外部特征,同时也是苗族与异族以及苗族支系之间相互区别的依据和标志。而其中最主要的、丰富多彩的象征意象—‘‘服饰图案”,因为与巫术、宗教活动的密切关系,而具有图腾崇拜的性质。这种图腾图案,与神话相通,与巫术混融,与艺术相互渗透,它是一种多职能的混融性结构,也是一种若干社会需求的愿望同时借诸实现的形式。除了用幻想来满足人们在实践中的需要外,还满足了他们在求知、抒情和审美等方面的需要。图腾图案因其巫术意味,它的意象采用了大量的自然界的动植物,如枫树意象、蝴蝶意象、盘瓠意象、牛意象、鸟意象、龙意象等等。这些意象在图腾崇拜和巫术活动中是“心灵幻化”的结果,都表现了一种生殖意象和祖先崇拜的巫术心理。这些图腾图案,具有强烈、深沉的美学风格,表现了强烈的思想感情；这些图腾图案的造型变化无穷,颜色丰富多彩,具有丰富、变化的美学风格；这些图案再很大程度上我们只能读懂它的形式,而无法理解它内容的怪谲,在形式上又表现为和谐、安静与隐晦的美。因此,图腾图案的意义是在巫文化之中的符号性的象征,是苗族思想精神和内心灵魂具有神性权威的核心力量。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the unique and important features in the Hmong culture, costume displays a vital role in Miao’s social, cultural, emotional expression and historical heritage, and becomes visual and tangible form of expression vector of the history and culture, which shows the most prominent national psychology, the most direct, most specific images of internal and external features, and has become basis and marks of differences between the mixed and Miao and Miao and its branch. The most important, colorful symbolic image-"Dress Pattern", is full of the nature of totem worship, because of the close relationship with witchcraft and religious activities. This totem pattern, connected with myths, mixed with witchcraft, and interwoven the art, is not only a multi-functional structure in Southwest, but also a number of social needs which they are expressed through various forms their desire to achieve. In addition to using fantasy to meet the needs of people in practice, it also satisfies their quest for knowledge, emotion and aesthetic and other needs. Totem design for its magic, it uses a lot of nature imagery of flora and fauna, such as maple image, butterfly image, Panhu image, cattle images, bird images, dragon image, etc. These images in the totem worship and witchcraft activities are the results of "spiritual illusion," which show that there is a reproductive image and ancestor worship in their minds. The totem pattern, with a strong, deep aesthetic style, showing strong thoughts and feelings; these endless variations of totem pattern are colorful with changes in the aesthetic style. To a large extent, we can only read it form these patterns, but can not understand its strange content. In form it displays a harmonious, peaceful and veiled beauty. Therefore, the meaning of the totem is the symbol of witch culture, and the central power with divine authority of the spirit and inner soul of Miao thought.更多还原