【作者】 张菲菲；

【导师】 唐莲英；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 陈独秀是中共党史上具有重大影响而又十分复杂的人物,也是中国近现代史上颇有影响力的人物。他是中国共产党的主要创始人,是党的早期主要领导人。陈独秀不是将民主思想引入中国的第一人,却是在中国倡导民主主义名声最盛的第一人。从率先举起“民主”和“科学”的旗帜开始,陈独秀就展开了对民主的执着追求,并为其在中国的实现进行了一生不懈的奋斗和探索,因此民主思想是陈独秀复杂思想体系中最核心最有价值的部分,也是中共早期历史上的一份精神遗产。陈独秀的民主思想不仅包含随着革命实践、时局的发展和自身认识的不断深化所形成的国家观、人权观和途径观等一系列民主的原则和精神,更为重要的是他为后人所提供的一系列的价值启示和他对民主孜孜不倦追求的精神,对于新时期我们政治体制改革的进一步深化以及加强民主政治建设,建设高度民主国家仍然具有重要的借鉴意义。本文仅对建党之前(1885-1921)陈独秀的民主思想作初步探讨。文章分四个部分:第一部分对建党之前陈独秀民主思想曲折发展的脉络进行学术梳理,将此时期陈独秀的民主思想划分为激进民主主义思想时期,无产阶级民主思想时期。主要厘清陈独秀由“选学妖孽派”转变为“康梁派”,随后又转向资产阶级革命派,并最终成为激进民主主义思想代表的发展历程,以及十月革命之后,陈独秀逐渐接受马克思主义向社会主义方向转变,并为马克思主义和科学社会主义作了积极的宣传,形成无产阶级民主思想的发展过程。第二部分是从全局的角度对不同时期陈独秀的民主思想内容加以归纳分析,此为本文重点所在。主要包括:人权观、国家观、途径观。在人权观上,新文化运动前期,陈独秀从人格独立、平等与个性自由这一角度出发,号召自由人权;新文化运动后期,陈独秀的人权思想注入了新的思想内容,尊重劳动者的基本人权并要求民众的参政、治政权。在国家观上,陈独秀始终把争取国家独立、民族解放作为其思想的出发点和归宿,目的就是希望达到民众的经济独立、政治民主。在如何实现民主的途径观上,陈独秀先后提倡国民运动、提倡阶级斗争,表现了对民主孜孜不倦的追求以及对民主实现途径的不断探索。第三部分是对此时期陈独秀民主思想的历史评价。针对其民主思想的发展进程和内容,分析了陈独秀民主思想的四个特点:鲜明的时代性;内容方面的双重性;思想渊源的外来吸收性以及其不断的探索性。同时,本文又针对陈独秀的民主思想体系内容和其产生的历史影响等角度,各从三个方面分析了其民主思想的进步性与局限性。第四部分是陈独秀民主思想的价值启示。研究陈独秀的民主思想对于我们当今要求建设高度民主的现代化国家,进行更彻底的政治体制改革具有重要的借鉴意义。本文分别从加强国民素质的改造、加强民主的制度性建设的角度揭示其对当今政治文明建设的借鉴和启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chen Duxiu was an influential and complex person in the history of the Chinese Communist Party.And he was also a very influential person in the modern history of China.He is one of the major creators of the Chinese Communist Party and a major leader in the early stage of our Party.He was not the first person to bring the thought of democracy in China,but he was the most famous person to advocate democratism.His pursuit began with advocate"democracy"and"science",which is the most significant and valuable part in his complex ideological system.In order to realize it,he made continual efforts and exploration.His democratic thought does not just include a series of democratic principles and spirits,such as view of country, human right and channel,which develop gradually as the practice of revolutionary,the current political situation and the recognizing of the party itself deepened.What’s more,he provided a series of value enlightenment and the spirit of continuous pursuit of democracy,which is of great significant for us to further deepen political restructuring and built a real democratic state in new period. This paper aims to scratch the surface of Chen Duxiu’s democratic thought.The paper is divided into four parts.First, the author will comb the development of Chen Duxiu’s thought before the establishment of the Communist Party and divide it into two parts:the period of the radical democracy and the period of proletarian democracy.Clarify the developing process of Chen Duxiu’s thought take as"an elective course evildoer send"change "Kang Liang send "into the revolutionaries of the bourgeoisie and become the development course of the thought representatives of radical democratism. And he has created the positive propaganda for the Marxism and scientific socialism,forms the proletariat democratic idea.Second,the author will conclude and explain Chen Duxiu’s democratic thought in different periods at a global angle and the author will attach great importance to this part.In the human rights view,the New Culture Movement earlier period,Chen Duxiu’s human rights thought has the personality independence,the equality and the individuality free this angle embarks,summons free human rights.The New Culture Movement later period, Chen Duxiu’s human rights thought has poured into the new ideological content,respects the worker the basic human rights and requests the populace to participate in government to govern the political power.In the national view,Chen Duxiu always strives for the national independence,the emancipation of the nation took its thought the starting point and the home to returnning,The goal is hoped achieves populace’s autarchy,the political democracy.How in realizes in the democracy way view,Chen Duxiu advocated successively the national movement,the advocate class struggle,has displayed to the democracy diligently pursue as well as to the democracy realization way unceasing exploration.Third,the author will evaluate Chen’s democratic thought which includes three characters of his thought and the improvement and the limitations. Has the bright contemporaneity;content aspect ambiguity;thought origin external absorptive quality as well as its unceasing exploratory.Four,the value of Chen’s democratic thought will be elaborated from the aspects of strengthening the national quality and strengthening the construction of democratic. Studies Chen Duxiu’s democratic idea to request the construction highly democratic modernization country now regarding us, carries on the thorougher political reform to have the important model significance.更多还原