【作者】 蔡琴；

【导师】 陈锦红；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 法律， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 容忍义务是指权利人本可以根据基本权利有权提出反对或异议,但在特定情况下所负有的不提出反对或异议的义务。在我国,容忍义务主要有相邻关系中的容忍义务、环境污染中的容忍义务和公众人物的容忍义务。公众人物的容忍义务是指新闻媒体在报道与公众人物有关的公共事件时,该公众人物对报道可能对其名誉、隐私造成的轻微损害应当容忍。公众人物作为在一定范围或时段内,被广为人知或对其所在社会领域有重要影响的人,从不同的角度,可以作不同的划分。其中最主要的划分是从当事人是否具有成为他人或社会所熟知的主观动机的角度,分为自愿的公众人物和非自愿的公众人物。公众人物承担容忍义务有其理论根由,是平衡权利冲突保护公共利益和公众兴趣的必然要求。权利冲突在公众人物中,主要体现在公众人物隐私权与公众知情权的冲突、名誉权与新闻舆论监督之间的冲突。公共利益原则要求公众人物名誉权、隐私权保护中应坚守“与公共事务相关”的标准,与公共事务相关的私事,进入公共领域的,就不能受到隐私权保护。公众兴趣原则要求基于合理的公众兴趣可以对公众人物的隐私权进行适度地限制。公众人物容忍义务的适用是有范围限制的,在其边界确定时应遵循实际恶意原则和利益衡量原则。实际恶意原则有利于法官在司法实践中判定公众人物的容忍义务,而利益衡量原则有利于法官对冲突的利益确定其轻重而进行权衡与取舍。具体而言,政府官员、娱乐明星、体育明星以及非自愿公众人物的容忍义务范围,由于其身份和主观动机的不同,其容忍义务范围也各有不同。公众人物在承担容忍义务的同时,对其应享有的权利亦应当保护。对公众人物容忍义务的承担和保护要根据权利协调一致原则、维护公共利益原则和公众兴趣原则去协调。体现在立法上就是要明确公众人物容忍义务的具体界限,确定公众人物容忍义务的具体范围,在相关法律中确定公众人物的概念和公众人物的容忍义务制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tolerance obligations means obligee can oppose or object based on the fundamental rights. However, he have obligations does not raise an objection or obligationsunder specific circumstances. In China, Tolerance obligations have adjacent tolerance obligations, pollution tolerance obligations, as well as the public figures tolerance obligations. Obligations of public figures tolerance refers to the news media in reporting on public figures and public events relating to, the public figures of the report may be the reputation of privacy caused minor damage should be tolerated. As a public figure in a certain range or time period, was well known or where the community have an important impact on the field, from different angles, can be divided into different. The most important division is whether the parties have become known to others or social point of view of subjective motivation, It is divided into voluntary and involuntary public figures and public figures.Public figures bear tolerance obligations has its theoretical causes, It is the demand of the right balance and protecting the public interest and public interest. The rights of public figures in the conflict, mainly reflected in the privacy of public figures conflict with the public right to know, honor the right of public opinion and the conflict between press. The principle of public interest requirements of the reputation of public figures, privacy protection should uphold the principle of "public affairs" of the standards, and public affairs related to a private matter into the public domain, it can not be subject to privacy protection. The principle of public interest requirements of the public interest based on reasonable public figures may be appropriate to limit the right to privacy.Tolerance obligations of public figures limit is applicable, At its borders to be followed to determine the principles and the interests of actual malice to measure the principle .The principle of actual malice in favor of the judges in the judicial practice of tolerance to determine the obligations of public figures, Measuring principle and the benefits to the conflict in favor of the interests of judges to determine the severity of the offenses and to weigh the trade-offs. In particular, government officials, entertainment stars, sports stars and public figures of non-voluntary obligations tolerance range, because of their identity and the subjective motives of the different scope of its obligation to tolerate different. Public figures assume the obligation of tolerance ,at the same time, their rights should be protected also. Tolerance for public figures to assume obligations and protect the rights of coordinated according to the principle of the principle of safeguarding the public interest and public interest in the principle of co-ordination.Embodied in the legislation is to clear the obligations of public figures specific limits of tolerance, tolerance of public figures to determine the specific scope of obligations in the relevant law to determine the concept of public figures and public figures of the obligations of the system of tolerance.更多还原