GIS技术在城市重大工业事故应急救援中的应用研究

【作者】 任春芳；

【导师】 庙延钢； 栾龙发；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 城市重大工业事故应急救援及应急决策过程涉及到多行业多部门和多种人员,同时离不开城市空间数据的支持,且在事故发生后必须快速准确地进行决策,因此必须借助现代的信息管理手段和方法进行管理。地理信息系统(GIS)的出现,为城市重大工业事故应急救援辅助决策提供了较好的研究方法和手段。本论文首先对国内外有关事故应急救援和GIS的发展状况进行综述,并介绍了重大工业事故应急救援及GIS的相关理论,提出了基于GIS的城市重大工业事故应急救援技术支持系统的基本框架。再利用地理信息系统对海量的空间数据存储与管理功能和强大的空间分析功能等,按照系统的需求和特点,以预防事故、降低事故损失为目标,进行应急救援技术支持系统的研究。最后选取昆明市进行了实例分析:主要包括寻找事故救援的最佳路径、最近的救援部门、增设应急服务点及事故危险度覆盖范围分析等。本论文借鉴前人的理论和方法,总结了以往失败的教训,取其利、去其弊,并将GIS应用在应急救援过程中,这样不仅提高了救援的效率,而且减少了不必要的人员伤亡和财产损失。论文不但从理论上得到提高,而且从救援的行动的速度上也获得很大的提高。GIS技术在城市重大工业事故应急救援中科学、合理的应用,能及时准确地为各级政府和相关部门形象、直观地提供大量的基础数据,并进行快速、准确、全面地分析,产生应急救援需要的各类信息,使决策者及时地做出准确的判断,达到保障人身安全及降低财产损失的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 City Major industrial incident emergency rescue and emergency decision are concerned with many profession departments and various people, at the same time it does not away from the support of city spatial data, and must carry out decision fastly and accurately after incident occurs, therefore we must manage by the aid of modern information management means and method. The appearance of geographic information system (GIS)offer better research technique and means to make policy for city major industrial incident emergency rescue.Firstly, the paper summarized the development of incident emergency rescue and GIS in domestic and international, and introduced major industrial incident emergency rescue and GIS related theory, then put forward the technological support system basic frame of city major industrial incident emergency rescue based on GIS. Secondly, the system uses the magnanimity spatial data storage and manages function and powerful spatial analysis function of GIS, according to the demand and characteristic of the system; we study emergency rescue tech support system with the goal of prevention incident and reduction incident loss. Finally, we take Kunming city as an example, analysis including seeking nearest rescue department and the best route of incident rescue, set up new emergency service point and incident dangerous degree cover scope analysis ect.Reference to many method and theory of forefathers, the paper have summarized the lesson of former failure and take its adventages. Using GIS in emergency rescue not only raises the rescue efficiency, but also reduces unnecessary casualties and property loss. The paper rises theoretically, and also raises the speed of the action of rescue greatly.The scientific and reasonable application of GIS in city major industrial incident emergency rescue, can offer plenty of foundations data accurately in time for government of different levels and related departments. Carring out the analyses fastly and accurately, all kinds of emergency rescue information make accurate judgement in time and ensure the personal safety and reducible property loss.更多还原