【作者】 李素果；

【导师】 陈雯；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 产业经济学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 自来水行业包括水资源开发、水供应、水的输送、污水回收及处理等环节,是社会赖以生存与发展的基础性行业。长期以来,我国一直把自来水行业看作公益事业,由地方政府投资、垄断经营,实行低价格福利供水。这种经营体制制约了我国自来水行业的发展,一方面供水行业的生产成本得不到补偿,企业处于亏损状态;另一方面居民环保意识薄弱,水资源浪费严重,水环境不断恶化,水成为了制约我国经济社会发展的瓶颈因素。为了缓解水资源危机,建立节约型社会,实现经济的可持续发展,20世纪90年代开始,我国自来水行业开始了市场化改革的进程,政企分开、政资分开、业务分拆等措施取得了明显成效,非国有资本大量进入自来水行业,缓解了资金压力,提高了行业内的经营效率。越来越受到关注的水价改革改变了我国低价供水的局面,有效节约了有限的水资源,可以说,我国自来水行业的市场化改革取得了阶段性成果。但是由于长期的历史欠帐等原因,“官督官办”“多头管理”等方式尚未彻底退出历史舞台,市场经济在调节企业经济行为、激励行业内部效率方面的作用没有得到充分发挥。水价偏低、计价方式不合理、市场化模式混乱等问题仍然制约着我国自来水行业的进一步发展。这些问题的解决有赖于自来水行业新的规制模式的构建。我国自来水行业政府规制模式构建主要包括两个层面的内容:一是政府层面,自来水行业存在的诸多问题,如企业效益不佳、资金短缺、机构臃肿等,究其原因,在于我国政体合一的政府垄断经营模式。因此从政府层面来看,当务之急是政企分开,政府积极实现“退”和“变”,通过机构改革建立专门的规制机构。二是企业层面,关键是要对现有的地区政府垄断经营的自来水行业进行分拆,在供水厂、污水处理厂等竞争性业务环节引入竞争,通过竞争提高效率。由于管网的特殊性,无法引入竞争,就要实行激励性规制。同时为了保障自来水行业政府规制改革的顺利进行,建立和健全法律和制度保障是首要前提,引入竞争和规制改革都要严格按照规制法律、法规进行。本文试图在借鉴英国自来水行业市场化改革经验,总结我国学者提出的关于我国自来水行业规制模式构建的建议的基础之上,重构适合我国的自来水行业规制模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water industry, including water source, water supply, water transportation, sewerage reclaiming and disposing, etc. is the base source of social survival and development. For a long time, water industry was considered as commonweal project, and monopolize by local government in investment and managment, as a result the water was supplied with low price. This system hold back the development of water industry, on one hand, the cost can’t be compensated for; on the other hand, the citizens have no awareness of saving, the water is wasted heavily which results in deterioration of water environment . Water has become the bottle-neck of China development. In order to ease the crisis of water resource and build a saving society, we started the process of reforming since 1990. The actions, including the discerption between the company and government, the abruption between fund and government, the operation dividing, have made great progress. Great private capital enter water industry which ease the capital pressure and promote the industry’managing efficiency . The water price reforming has changed the situation of low-priced water supply. It can be said that we have acquired the success in this phase. However, due to the history, the old style of government management has not quit from the stage. The role of the marketing economy in adjusting companies’behavior and motivating the companies’efficiency is limited. The low price, unreasonable price caculating style and chaos marketing mode are the limitation of development. To solve these problems, we should rebuild the regulation structure of water industry.There are two lays in rebuilding the regulation structure of our water industry. One is government, many problems such as bad revenue, the lack of fund and overstaffed organization are the results of the government’s management. So from the lay of government, the key is that the government should be apart from the company, and to realize the“retreat”and“changing”. That is to build special regulating organization. The other lay is the company. The key is to divide operation into the monopoly operation and competing operation, then to make the competing operation compete and to regulate the monopoly operation. To ensure the success of the reform, the first thing is to build and perfect the law. Competition and regulation should lay on the perfect law.This article is to rebuild our water industry regulation structure based on the experience of the British reform and the suggestion proposeded by our scholars.更多还原