试析戈尔巴乔夫时期的苏共党内纷争

【作者】 李国伟；

【导师】 姜跃；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 党的学说和党的建设， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 戈尔巴乔夫时期的苏共党内纷争源于苏共革新。1985年3月，戈尔巴乔夫出任苏共总书记。为了克服传统党建模式的弊端，并与经济体制改革相适应，苏共革新也全面展开。在1990年苏共二月全会至1990年7月的苏共28大这段时期，苏共党内，特别是领导层在党建基本原则等重大问题上意见各异，且尖锐对立，由此在苏共党内展开了一场激烈的纷争。这场党内纷争虽然持续时间不长，但造成了苏共党内思想混乱、组织分裂，并最终把苏共逼到了瓦解的绝路上。 本文在坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的基础上，采用比较研究的方法，试图对戈尔巴乔夫时期的苏共党内纷争展开论述。本文主要由三部分组成： 一、戈尔巴乔夫时期苏共党内纷争的缘由。本部分主要从苏共党内对苏共革新的态度不同、立场各异，西方各种社会思潮的渗透和影响，对东欧各国共产党纷纷丧失政权、社民党化存在分歧三个方面来分析戈尔巴乔夫时期苏共党内纷争的缘由。 二、戈尔巴乔夫时期苏共党内纷争的焦点。本部分主要从党的性质、党的指导思想、党的组织原则、党的奋斗目标四个方面来分析戈尔巴乔夫时期苏共党内纷争的表现。 三、戈尔巴乔夫时期苏共党内纷争的影响及启示。本部分主要从苏共思想混乱和组织瘫痪两方面论述戈尔巴乔夫时期苏共党内纷争造成的影响；并从消除党内纷争，维护党的团结统一来揭示戈尔巴乔夫时期苏共党内纷争对其他政党的启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The disputes in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPS for short)in the Gorbachev years resulted from the reform of CPS. In March 1985, Gorbachev took over the power as General Secretary of CPS. To overcome the malpractice of the traditional party building model, and be suitable to the reform of economic system, the reform of CPS was gradually developed. Especially during the period from February Plenary Meeting of CPS in 1990 to the 28th National Congress of CPS in July 1990, in the CPS, particularly in the leadership, there were different opinions on some major issues such as the basic principles of the party building, some of which were even acutely opposite to each other; therefore, a drastic dispute took place in CPS. Though this inner-party dispute did not last very long, it resulted in the puzzling headedness in CPS and the split of the organization, which finally led to the corner of disintegration of CPS.This paper sticks to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism, adopts the method of comparison study and tries to explain the inner-party disputes of CPS in the Gorbachev years. This paper is consisted of three parts:Firstly discussed were the causes of the inner-party disputes in CPS in the Gorbachev years. This part analyzes the causes of the inner-party disputes in CPS in the Gorbachev years from three aspects: the different attitudes and standpoints in CPS on the reform of CPS; the penetration and influences of the various western trends of social thoughts; the divarications on why the Communist Parties in the East-European countries failed their regimes and transformed to be Social Democratic Parties.Secondly put forward were the focuses of the inner-party disputes in CPS in the Gorbachev years. From our aspects, namely, analyzed is the nature of the Party, the guiding ideology of the Party, the organizational principles of the Party and the struggling goal of the Party, and the phenomena of the inner-party disputes in CPS in the Gorbachev years.Thirdly discussed were the influences and revelations of the inner-party disputes in CPS in the Gorbachev years. This part explains mainly the influences of the inner-party disputes in CPS in the Gorbachev years from two aspects, the puzzling headedness and the paralysis of the organization; so, the revelations of the inner-party disputes in CPS in the Gorbachev years to the other parties are to eliminate any dispute in the party and maintain the solidarity and unification of the party.更多还原