【作者】 尹飞虎；

【导师】 曾德超； 马鄂超；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 种植业， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 磷是作物必需的三大营养元素之一。磷在土壤中移动较小,当季利用率也较氮、钾低。如何提高磷的利用率,以往在磷肥的使用方法方面研究较多。本研究是从磷肥产品本身入手,通过采用³²P同位素示踪及自显影方法和田间差值法,对湿法磷酸生产工艺产品—磷酸铵和热法磷酸工艺生产的滴灌专用肥这两种不同生产工艺的磷肥中的磷素在土壤中运移及被棉花吸收利用状况进行了研究。研究表明:以热法磷酸生产工艺生产的滴施专用肥的磷素在土壤中的运移面明显大于湿法磷生产工艺生产的磷酸二铵。示踪法结果:前者的磷的最大垂直下移距离达7.5cm,而后者为6.2cm;前者的磷素在土壤中的扩散面积较后者增加了19.1%;差值法结果:滴灌专用肥处理10-40cm土层中,无论是滴灌管下还是播种行下各层中磷的含量均高于磷酸铵处理,说明滴灌专用肥中的磷横向和垂直移动距离大于磷酸铵。棉株对两种肥料中磷的吸收,滴灌专用肥较磷酸二铵多。示踪法结果:前者磷素利用率达21.05%,而后者为16.88%,提高4.17个百分点;差值法结果:滴灌专用肥磷素利用率均高于磷酸二铵,分别为24.95%和22.09%,提高2.86个百分点。可以初步认为:磷素在土壤中的运移与磷的生产工艺有关。棉株对磷素的利用率也与磷的生产工艺有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phosphorus is one of the three nutrient elements necessary to crop plant development and growth normally. Generally speaking, Phosphorus mobility in soil and its use eificiency are lower than that of the other two necessary elements such as nitrogen and potassium. How to improve the phosphorus use efficiency is the main research project in past time and mostly focused on applying methods improvement. In this research, two kinds of phosphate fertilizer were employed, one is ammonium phosphate which is produced by humidity processing technology, another is trickle irrigation specific fertilizer which is produced by heat processing technology. Mobility and distribution of phosphorus in soil originated from the two fertilizers and their cotton plant use efficiency were studied by using Isotope ³²P tracing and autoradiographic technique and field difference displaying method. The results showed that both of the distribution area and mobility of phosphorus from the trickle irrigation specific fertilizer are significantly lager than that of ammonium phosphate. Isotope ³²P tracing showed that the maximum vertical distance of phosphorus from the trickle irrigation specific fertilizer in soil reached 7.5cm, and ammonium phosphate is 6.2cm and the distribution area increased 19.1% over that of the later. Field difference displaying method showed that the phosphorus contents of the trickle irrigation specific fertilizer in the soil were higher than that of ammonium phosphate wherever near dripping pipe area or sowing line along area. The horizontal and vertical mobile distance of phosphorus originated from the trickle irrigation specific fertilizer longer than that of ammonium phosphate. Isotope ³²P tracing showed that cotton plant phosphorus use efficiency of the trickle irrigation specific fertilizer reached 21.05%, which increased 4.17% over that of ammonium phosphate （16.88%）. Field difference displaying method showed that phosphorus use efficiency of the trickle irrigation specific fertilizer reached 24.95%, which increased 2.86% over that of ammonium phosphate （22.09%）. A primary conclusion could be made is that phosphorus mobility and distribution in soil and cotton plant phosphorus use efficiency is affected by phosphate processing technology.更多还原