多边贸易体制下的特殊和差别待遇研究

【作者】 胡胜；

【导师】 韩天森；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 法律， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 特殊和差别待遇(Special and Deferential Treatment S&D)是世界贸易组织各协定给予发展中国家成员方的一种优惠待遇,它源于关贸总协定,经历了长期的发展过程,其基本含义是发展中国家成员方可以在一定的范围和条件下,背离各协定所规定的一般义务而享有较优惠的待遇,它以成为世贸组织处理与发展中国家问题时需要遵循的一项基本原则。但特殊和差别待遇还存在着优惠幅度不大,不够具体明确等局限性。因此,加强对特殊和差别待遇的研究,具有重大的理论和现实意义。 国内目前对多边贸易体制的研究,仍未超越对规则的介绍和诠释阶段。对特殊和差别待遇的研究主要是侧重于对某个具体协议中特殊和差别待遇分析和介绍,没有将不同协议中的特殊与差别待遇作为一个整体来考察,也没有把特殊和差别待遇放到发展中国家参与经济全球化的背景下进行研究。因此: 在写作思路上,本文试图从发展中国家的角度出发,以发展中国家和多边贸易体制关系为切入点,把WTO协议中特殊和差别待遇作为一个整体来加以研究。 在文章结构上,本文共分为五部分,每一部分具体分析了特殊和差别待遇的某一个问题。 在文章的内容方面,本文试图对特殊和差别待遇的形成、发展和变化,存在依据,法理基础,缺陷及发展中国家的对策和中国利用特殊和差别待遇的问题作一定的分析、考察和研究。 在引言中,本文给出了特殊和差别待遇的定义,并指出特殊和差别待遇是世界组织处理与发展中国家关系的一项基本原则。 第一部分介绍了特殊和差别待遇在多边贸易体制下的形成、发展和变化的情况。首先文章指出特殊和差别待遇在GATT的地位经历了三个阶段的变化:在第18条被引入GATT时,特殊和差别待遇处于它的雏形阶段,这时的特殊和差别待遇仅仅是作为多边贸易体制的基本原则的例外而存在的。随着发展中国家要求给予公平待遇的呼声高涨,GATT第四部分被引入多边贸易体制,第四部分的修订表明特殊和差别待遇具有一定的法律上的灵活性,即发展中国家被赋予履行义务上的灵活性。东京回合授权条款更多还原

【Abstract】 The Special and deferential Treatment (S&D) granted by WTO is a preferential treatment specific for the developing country members of WTO. It origined in GATT and inherited by WTO. Now, it become a basic principle of dealing with the relation to the developing countries. The principle evolved through the long history of GATT .The fundamental implications of the principle is that developing countries may to some extent depart from the general obligations under the multilateral trade agreements and obtain more favorable treatment. However, due to many historical and economical reasons , the S&D has many shortcomings . consequently ,more efforts should be made by WTO and its members to ensure the implementation of the principle.The whole article consistses of 5 parts , which can subdivided further into 13sections.The article intends to elaborate on the first part the whole development and change of S&D , which has pass through three phares, an exceptional to the general principle, a measure granted a certain flexibility to depart from principle, a basic principle with legalization. In the latter section of this part, the newly development under WTO system is introdueced ,which concerns the change of idea, scope and application of S&D.Due to the complex of stipulation concerning S&D under WTO agreements, the article try to discuss the content within Part two. First, the article analyses the provision of S&D under GATT system, which includes the article of 18, the enabling clause, the fourth part of GATT .According to the secretary of WTO’classification, the article outline the representative clauses of each classification.The nature of S&D is analysed on the part 3. The article deems that the S&D has its to legal, economic and political basis: equityis its legal basis, the principle of efficiency of international competition is its economic basis, and the requirement of reality is its political basis. In addition, the legality is discussed in this part. The article considers that the legality should depend on the interaction of three factors, the qualification and capacity of the developing country to the decision-making of WTO, the degree of recognization to the developing countries by the developed countries and the unity of the developing countries . In the later part, the article put forward a point of view that S&D should become a basic principle other than a exceptional to basic principle.In the fourth part, the article consider that S&D existes may shortcomings. The article firstly demonstrates the character of S&D’s fault: lack of bounding effect, lack of value of usefulness, obvious transit nature. The article also analyses detailly these faults. In the light of these faults, the article put forward several suggestions from principal and practical view. The last part is expanded around the questions that after entry WTO, how china can make full use of the S&D. Firstly, the article Suggest that if china take part in the multilateral trade negotiation, the following principles should be sticked to insistence on the status of developing country, pay more attention to the balance of interest and obligation. Moreover, the article supposes several material suggestions. The last part of the article deals with the question of how to exploit the S&D by china. The article thinks that china should apple actively the Article 18 of GATT because of the fleasibility and necessity of Chinese present economic situation. Secondly, China should make full use the generalized preference afforded by the EU. Last, China should make a closer economic and trade with other developing countries by the regional or bilateral trade agreements.更多还原