【作者】 郑明叶；

【导师】 李星群； 马剑平；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 农业硕士（农村发展）（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 乡村全面振兴,意味着农业农村现代化建设进程将进一步加快,城乡融合发展迎来新的契机,新的城乡发展格局将被构筑。在此背景下,挖掘和合理引导资本、技术、人才等要素往乡村回流和延伸,是促进乡村产业提振升级的重要举措,而乡村产业的兴旺也为乡村人才回流提供了机会。据国家有关部门数据统计,在乡村产业的有力带动下,2020年有超过1800万农民工返乡留乡就近就业。可见,农民工返乡创业和就业已成为助推乡村振兴中的重要力量之一。因此,本文通过了解农民工返乡现状,探究农民工返乡影响因素,对于了解农民工产生返乡行为的原因及合理促进农民工有效回流,助推城乡融合发展和实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。本文对来宾市X县开展问卷调查,回收有效问卷219份,从个体基本特征、拉力因素、外部推力因素、内部推力因素四个维度出发,分析X县农民工的个体基本特征及返乡意愿,运用多元线性回归模型剖析影响X县农民工返乡意愿的关键因素,并结合该县返乡农民工创业环境和现状,提出合理引导X县农民工返乡的路径建议,为其他地区推动农民工合理返乡提供现实参考。研究结论如下:(1)个体特征变量中农民工的性别、年龄、家庭年收入、健康情况等特征对其返乡意愿具有显著影响。其中,性别为男的农民工返乡意愿更强;年纪越大的农民工返乡意愿越强;身体抱恙的农民工相比于身体健康的农民工返乡意愿更强;家庭年收入越高的农民工返乡意愿越强。(2)认知信息对农民工返乡意愿具有显著影响。即对家乡创业项目、农民工培训、扶持政策等越了解的农民工越倾向于返乡。(3)拉力因素对农民工返乡意愿具有显著影响。即家乡生活条件、创业环境、乡村振兴政策更好或需要自身养老、赡养老人的农民工的返乡意愿更强。(4)外部推力因素对农民工返乡意愿具有显著影响,即受到企业裁员或倒闭、待遇降低或生活压力变大影响的农民工的返乡意愿更强。提出了以下合理引导农民工返乡的建议:(1)发展县域经济,营造良好就业创业环境;(2)落实扶持政策,加强返乡农民工就业创业保障;(3)完善社会保障制度,解决农民工的后顾之忧;(4)提升人力资本,积极开展职业教育和技能培训;(5)内育乡村人才,增强农民工身份认同感和家乡归属感。更多还原

【Abstract】 The comprehensive revitalization of rural areas involves accelerating the process of agricultural and rural modernization construction,which is expected to usher in new opportunities for urban and rural development integration and lead to a new urban-rural development pattern.Guiding the reasonable return and extension of resources such as capital,technology,and talent to rural areas is a crucial measure for promoting the revitalization and upgrading of the rural industry.Rural industry prosperity also presents opportunities for talent to return to rural areas.According to relevant national departments’ statistics,driven by the robust development of the rural industry,over 18 million migrant workers returned to their hometowns and found employment close-by in 2020.Thus,returning migrant workers have become a critical force in promoting rural revitalization.As a result,this article is of great significance for comprehending the current status of returning migrant workers to their hometowns,understanding influencing factors governing migrant worker return,and effectively promoting the return of migrant workers.Achieving these is critical to urban-rural integration development and delivering on the objectives of rural revitalization.This article presents the findings of a questionnaire survey conducted in X County,Laibin City,based on 219 valid responses.The study analyzes the individual basic characteristics and return intention of migrant workers in X County from four dimensions: personal profiles,pulling force factors,external driving force factors,and internal driving force factors.Additionally,a multiple linear regression model is used to examine the essential factors affecting migrant workers’ return intentions in X County,taking into account the local entrepreneurial environment and the current status of migrant workers who have already returned to their hometowns.Based on the analysis,the study provides practical recommendations for guiding migrant workers in X County to return to their hometowns in a systematic and effective way.The results of the study provide valuable insights and references for other regions to promote the rational return of migrant workers to their hometowns.The research findings reveal significant determinants of migrant workers’ willingness to return to their hometowns in X County.Firstly,a migrant worker’s gender,age,annual family income,and health have a considerable impact on their responsiveness to the idea of returning home.In particular,male migrant workers exhibit more significant tendencies to return home.In contrast,older individuals,those with physical health issues,and those from higher annual household income backgrounds also exhibit a stronger willingness to return home.Secondly,the cognitive information factor,which includes the migrant worker’s knowledge of entrepreneurial projects,training,and support policies in their hometown,plays a significant role in their willingness to return home.Adequate information on these factors motivates migrant workers to consider returning to their hometowns.Thirdly,pull factors such as better living conditions,an improved entrepreneurial environment,favorable rural revitalization policies,and the need for personal elderly care significantly influence migrant workers’ willingness to return home.Lastly,external thrust factors,such as enterprise layoffs or closures,reduced benefits,or increased living pressures,also boost migrant workers’ willingness to return home.These findings provide essential insights for policymakers and stakeholders interested in promoting the rational return of migrant workers to their hometowns.Based on the research findings,this study provides practical recommendations for promoting the rational return of migrant workers to their hometowns in X County and beyond.The first suggestion is to stimulate economic growth at the county level and create an enabling environment for entrepreneurship and employment that promotes the return of migrant workers.Secondly,local governments should implement supportive policies and strengthen employment and entrepreneurship security measures to encourage returning migrant workers.Addressing the concerns of migrant workers and improving the social security system is the third suggestion.Fourthly,policymakers should prioritize investment in human capital by providing skill training and carrying out vocational education to equip returning migrant workers with appropriate skills for entrepreneurship and employment.Lastly,the study recommends the internal cultivation of rural talents and enhancing the sense of identity recognition and hometown belonging of migrant workers by creating channels for their participation in community development and decision-making processes.These proposals provide a practical guide for decision-makers and stakeholders in achieving rural revitalization and urban-rural integration development.更多还原