【作者】 吕铮；

【导师】 乔建磊；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 农业工程与信息技术（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 光质是影响植物形态建成、生长发育、光合作用和物质代谢的重要因素。光质调控是芽苗菜生产的关键,利用发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)光源调节芽苗菜的光环境,促进其生长发育,提高其营养质量,是目前芽苗菜设施种植中的一个新的研究热点。荞麦芽苗菜可采用无土栽培技术进行培养生产,是一种集营养、保健、药用价值等优点于一身的新型蔬菜。本文以荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)芽苗菜为试验材料,设置660 nm处LED红光(Red,R)、455 nm处LED蓝光(Blue,B),光质配比分别为红蓝5:1、红蓝3:1、红蓝1:1、红蓝1:3、红蓝1:5五个不同光质处理,以白光(White,W)为对照,研究不同的LED红蓝复合光质处理对荞麦芽苗菜的生长、营养品质及代谢产物的影响,同时测定苯丙氨酸解氨酶(L-phenylalanin ammonia-lyase,PAL)、查尔酮异构酶(Chalcone isomerase,CHI)、查尔酮合酶(Chalcone synthase,CHS)三种酶活性的变化。通过本项目研究,明确LED光质对荞麦芽苗菜生长发育及营养品质的影响,为实现荞麦芽苗菜生产所需高质量LED光质规模化应用提供科学依据,并为利用LED光质调控改善荞麦芽苗菜营养品质提供理论依据。主要结果如下:1、不同浸种时间与催芽时间对荞麦种子发芽率产生影响。在恒温25℃情况下,浸种时间为14 h,催芽时间为24 h发芽率达到85%。当浸种时间超过20 h发芽率将降低到40%,而催芽时间超过36 h时,发芽率呈现下降趋势。2、不同LED红蓝复合光质处理对荞麦芽苗菜生长有明显影响。高比例红光处理组红蓝5:1(R5B1)照射下的荞麦芽苗菜下胚轴长11.42±0.85 cm,主根长5.63±0.28 cm,显著高于对照组白光W与其他处理组。同时红蓝5:1(R5B1)处理组的全株鲜重与可食鲜重也显著高于其他处理组,因此红蓝5:1(R5B1)处理组可食率与含水率也是各处理组中最大,分别达到89.05%与93.62%。而随着蓝光比例的增加,荞麦芽植株会向着矮粗变化,蓝光比例最大的红蓝1:5(R1B5)处理下的芽苗菜下胚轴直径达到1.78±0.13 mm,显著高于其他处理。3、荞麦芽苗菜营养品质受不同光质组合处理影响较大。本研究中高比例蓝光红蓝1:5(R1B5)处理下的荞麦芽苗菜可溶性蛋白含量最高达到4.78±0.19 mg/g FW,并且红蓝1:5(R1B5)处理组的叶绿素含量以及类胡萝卜素含量同样显著高于其他处理。而高比例红光组合红蓝5:1(R5B1)处理下可溶性糖达到最大值7.03±0.29 mg/g FW。4、次级代谢物芦丁、总酚、总黄酮等物质的含量变化趋势为随着蓝光比例的增加而增加,均在高比例蓝光处理红蓝1:5(R1B5)下到达最大值。总体上看红蓝复合光处理下的荞麦芽苗菜总酚、总黄酮含量均高于对照组白光(W)。而ABTS和DPPH抗氧化能力的测定结果表明,抗氧化能力随蓝光比例的增加而增强,并在红蓝1:5(R1B5)处理下达到最大值。5、对PAL、CHI、CHS三种酶活性进行的测定显示,随着红蓝复合光质中蓝光比例的增加,三种酶活性均有不同程度的升高,并在高比例蓝光红蓝1:5(R1B5)处理下达到最大值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Light quality is an important factor affecting plant morphogenesis,growth and development,photosynthesis,and material metabolism.The regulation of light quality is the key to the production of sprout vegetables.The use of light emitting diode(LED)light sources to regulate the light environment of sprout vegetables,promote their growth and development,and improve their nutritional quality is currently a new research hotspot in sprout vegetable facility planting.Buckwheat sprouts and vegetables can be cultivated and produced using soilless cultivation techniques,and are a new type of vegetable that combines advantages such as nutrition,health,and medicinal value.This article uses buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)sprouts as experimental materials,and sets LED red light(Red,R)at 660 nm and LED blue light(Blue,B)at455nm.The light quality ratio is five different light quality treatments: red blue 5:1,red blue 3:1,red blue 1:1,red blue 1:3,and red blue 1:5.White light(W)is used as a control to study the effects of different LED red blue composite light quality treatments on the growth,nutritional quality,and metabolites of buckwheat sprouts,The activities of L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),Chalcone isomerase(CHI)and Chalcone synthase(CHS)were measured.Through this project research,the impact of LED light quality on the growth,development,and nutritional quality of buckwheat sprouts and vegetables is clarified,providing scientific basis for achieving the large-scale application of high-quality LED light quality required for buckwheat sprouts and vegetables production,and providing theoretical basis for using LED light quality regulation to improve the nutritional quality of buckwheat sprouts and vegetables.The main results are as follows:1.Different soaking and germination times have an impact on the germination rate of buckwheat seeds.Under a constant temperature of 25 ℃,the soaking time is 14 hours and the germination time is 24 hours.The germination rate reaches 85%.When the soaking time exceeds20 hours,the germination rate will decrease to 40%,while when the germination time exceeds 36 hours,the germination rate shows a downward trend.2.Different LED red and blue composite light treatments have a significant impact on the growth of buckwheat sprouts and vegetables.The hypocotyl length and main root length of buckwheat sprouts under high proportion red and blue 5:1(R5B1)irradiation in the treatment group were 11.42 ± 0.85 cm and 5.63 ± 0.28 cm,significantly higher than those in the control group and other treatment groups.At the same time,the fresh weight and edible fresh weight of the whole plant in the red blue 5:1(R5B1)treatment group were significantly higher than other treatment groups.Therefore,the edible and water content of the red blue 5:1(R5B1)treatment group were also the highest among the treatment groups,reaching 89.05% and 93.62%,respectively.As the proportion of blue light increases,buckwheat malt plants will change towards shorter and thicker.The diameter of the hypocotyl of sprout vegetables under the treatment of red blue 1:5(R1B5)with the highest proportion of blue light reaches 1.78 ± 0.13 mm,significantly higher than other treatments.3.The nutritional quality of buckwheat sprouts and vegetables is greatly affected by different light quality combinations.In this study,the highest soluble protein content of buckwheat sprouts and vegetables was 4.78 ± 0.19mg/g FW under the high proportion of blue light,red blue 1:5(R1B5)treatment,and the chlorophyll content and carotenoid content of the red blue 1:5(R1B5)treatment group were also significantly higher than other treatments.Under the treatment of a high proportion of red light combined with red blue 5:1(R5B1),the maximum soluble sugar reached 7.03 ± 0.29mg/g FW.4.The trend of changes in the content of secondary metabolites such as rutin,total phenols,and total flavonoids increases with the increase of blue light ratio,all reaching their maximum values under high proportion blue light treatment of red blue 1:5(R1B5).Overall,the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of buckwheat sprouts treated with red and blue composite light were higher than those of the control group under white light(W).The measurement results of the antioxidant capacity of ABTS and DPPH showed that the antioxidant capacity increased with the increase of blue light ratio,and reached its maximum value under the treatment of red blue 1:5(R1B5).5.The determination of PAL,CHI,and CHS enzyme activities showed that with the increase of blue light ratio in the red blue composite light quality,the three enzyme activities all increased to varying degrees,and reached their maximum values under high ratio blue light red blue 1:5(R1B5)treatment.更多还原