【作者】 方家骏；

【导师】 赵敬丹；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳师范大学 ， 公共管理， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 从古至今,自然灾害在我国时有发生,如何应对自然灾害威胁与挑战是我们一直要解决的难题。我国虽然已建构了以政府为主导、“一案三制”为核心的综合应急管理体系,但是政府在面临越加复杂严峻的自然灾害时逐渐显得力量单薄,传统的政府单一治理模式已经无法完全应对。近年来我国民间救援组织不断发展壮大,其数量和规模迅速增加。在过往的自然灾害治理中,民间救援组织发挥公益性、灵活性、专业性等特点,能够积极有效的充当政府的辅助力量,大大提高自然灾害治理的效能。在需要社会力量、倡导多元治理的今天,如何规范民间救援组织行动,挖掘民间救援组织自身优势更高效的参与自然灾害治理,已经成为一个重要研究方向。本文以治理理论、应急管理理论为理论依据,对民间救援组织、自然灾害和自然灾害治理核心概念进行界定,总结民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理的关键要素包含参与周期、参与资源、参与秩序和参与能力。从深化政府应急管理模式改革和补足政府救援力量角度阐明了民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理的必要性,围绕应急管理周期对民间救援组织参与自然灾害各阶段治理工作的可行性做出了分析。通过对有代表性的民间救援组织进行实地访谈了解,找到当前我国民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理普遍存在参与治理周期不全、资源短缺、秩序混乱、能力受限的困境,从管理制度、保障措施、协作机制、技能培训方面分析造成以上问题的主要原因包括民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理的管理制度制约、保障不足、协作机制不健全、培训欠缺。针对以上困境及原因进行分析,对民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理提出以下四点对策:一是优化民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理的管理制度;二是增加民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理的保障措施;三是健全民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理的协作机制;四是加强民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理的专业培训,从而不断完善民间救援组织参与自然灾害治理的模式,推进我国应急管理体系与应急管理能力现代化发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 From ancient times to the present,natural disasters have occurred in China from time to time,and how to deal with the threats and challenges of natural disasters is a challenge we have always had to solve.Although China has constructed a government-led,"one case,three systems" as the core of a comprehensive emergency management system,but the government is gradually facing more and more complex and severe natural disasters appear to be weak,the traditional government single governance model has been unable to fully cope.In recent years,China’s private rescue organizations have been growing,and their number and scale are rapidly increasing.In past natural disaster governance,private rescue organizations have played a public interest,flexibility,professionalism and other characteristics,can actively and effectively act as a supporting force for the government,greatly improving the effectiveness of natural disaster governance.Today,with the need for social power and the advocacy of pluralistic governance,it has become an important research direction to regulate the actions of civil rescue organizations and to explore their own advantages for more efficient participation in natural disaster governance.Based on governance theory and emergency management theory,this paper defines the core concepts of non-governmental relief organizations,natural disasters and natural disaster management,and summarizes the key elements of non-governmental relief organizations’ participation in natural disaster management,including participation cycle,participation resources,participation order and participation ability.From the perspective of deepening the reform of government emergency management mode and replenishing government rescue force,the necessity of non-governmental relief organizations participating in natural disaster management is expounded.The feasibility of non-governmental relief organizations participating in natural disaster management at various stages is analyzed based on the emergency management cycle.Through field interviews with representative non-governmental relief organizations,it is found that the current difficulties of non-governmental relief organizations’ participation in natural disaster management are not complete,lack of resources,chaotic order and limited capacity.From the aspects of management system,safeguard measures,cooperation mechanism and skill training,the main reasons for the above problems are analyzed,including the restriction of management system,insufficient guarantee,unsound cooperation mechanism and lack of training for non-governmental relief organizations to participate in natural disaster management.Based on the analysis of the above difficulties and reasons,the following four countermeasures are proposed for the participation of non-governmental relief organizations in natural disaster management: first,optimize the management system of non-governmental relief organizations in natural disaster management;Second,to increase non-governmental relief organizations to participate in natural disaster management measures;Third,improve the cooperation mechanism for non-governmental relief organizations to participate in natural disaster management;Fourthly,strengthening the professional training of civil relief organizations participating in natural disaster management,so as to constantly improve the mode of civil relief organizations participating in natural disaster management,and promote the modernization development of our country’s emergency management system and emergency management ability.更多还原