【作者】 张皓珉；

【导师】 曹基武； 王旭军；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 农艺与种业（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 女贞(Ligustrum lucidum Ait.)为木犀科(Oleaceae)常绿灌木或乔木,俗名大叶女贞、冬青等,广泛分布于长江以南至华南、西南各省区,向西北则分布至陕西、甘肃等省。女贞的干燥成熟种实具有滋补肝肾,明目乌发的疗效,是一味传统的扶正固本药物。同时,女贞还是我国重要资源昆虫白蜡虫的优良寄主。因其良好的观赏性而广泛用作城乡绿化树种,又因其较强的适应性和抗逆性而作为良好的重金属污染土壤生态修复树种应用。本研究为筛选产量高、品质优且抗逆性强的优良女贞种源是提高栽培品质、加大经济效益、可持续发展的重要保障。本研究结合MaxEnt预测结果与虫白蜡主要产地进行采样,对所得种源材料基于种实性状、药用有效成分、种子萌发特性、生理生化指标动态,探究不同种源差异特征、各指标间的相关性,筛选出抗逆性强的优良种源,研究结果如下:(1)女贞MaxEnt(最大熵)模型的生态适宜区研究结果表明:女贞对气候环境因子更为敏感。最暖季节降水量、气温季节变动系数、最冷月份最低温度,是影响女贞生态适宜性的主要因素。当前中国境内女贞主要分布于39°N以南、91°E以东。未来四种SPSS模式下女贞适生区面积均增大,适生区质心的移动是无规律的。降水偏少且寒冷的地区仍不适宜女贞生长。(2)女贞种实有效成分研究结果表明:各有效成分之间具有丰富的遗传变异,木樨草苷的含量可能主要集中于种子中,其余药用有效成分则随着种实的增大而增大。梅雨季节女贞需要一定的低温环境才能更好的积累红景天苷,一年中最湿润的季节降水量大,有利于女贞种实中齐墩果酸的积累。药用成分的综合隶属度排序依次为湖南芷江、云南晋宁、云南昭阳、湖南新宁、四川峨眉,综合隶属度值分别为0.5656、0.4237、0.3615、0.3608、0.3145。表明湖南芷江种源在药用成分上具有优良表现、四川峨眉种源表现较差。(3)种实形态性状研究结果表明:不同种源间女贞种实形态性状差异显著,具有丰富的遗传变异,且较为稳定,变异主要来源于不同种源的基因交流、相同种源的基因重组,环境对变异贡献值较小,其中种子宽与种子高受环境影响变异程度相对较大。种子性状与果实性状之间关系不紧密,而种子性状与果实性状各自呈现显著关系;女贞种实的发育对高温、降水较为敏感,少量氮与有机质会促进其种实的生长,过多的氮与有机质反而会抑制生长;女贞种实形态特征呈现典型的区域板块化特征。(4)四因素三水平正交试验:对女贞种子TTC法检测生活力优化,结果表明女贞种子生活力测定的最适条件为:浸种时间16h、TTC浓度0.7%、染色时间24h、染色温度30℃。各种源之间种子萌发特性差异显著,湖南新宁种源具有最大的生活力,但云南晋宁、昭阳两个种源的实际发芽率更高。女贞种子萌发特性与种实性状相联系,质量与体积越大的种实具有更高的种子活力。(5)生理生化动态研究结果表明:六个种源种子萌发时期可溶性糖含量于1d最高,于8d下降并趋于稳定;可溶性蛋白质呈先减小后增大趋势;超氧化物歧化酶活性于22d达峰值;过氧化物酶与过氧化氢酶随着种子的萌发活性持续增强。各种源各指标间差异性较为显著,具有很好的筛选潜力;发芽率与可溶性蛋白质、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶呈显著正相关,种子长与过氧化物酶过氧化氢酶呈显著负相关,表明越接近圆形的种子在发芽期间可能具有更好的抗逆性,同时具有更高的发芽率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ligustrum lucidum Ait is an evergreen shrub or tree of Oleaceae,commonly known as Ligustrum lucidum Ait and Ilex chinensis.It is widely distributed in the south of the Yangtze River to South China and Southwest China,and to the northwest to Shaanxi,Gansu and other provinces.The dry and mature seeds of Ligustrum lucidum Ait have the effect of nourishing liver and kidney and brightening the eyes and hair.It is a traditional medicine for strengthening the body.At the same time,Ligustrum lucidum Ait is also an excellent host of the important resource insect white wax worm in China.The growth of Ligustrum lucidum Ait will be affected by the parasitic and wax production process of white wax worm.In addition,Ligustrum lucidum Ait is widely used as urban and rural greening tree species because of its good ornamental value,and as a good ecological restoration tree species for heavy metal contaminated soil because of its strong adaptability and stress resistance.This study is an important guarantee for improving cultivation quality,increasing economic benefits and sustainable development to screen excellent Ligustrum lucidum Ait provenances with high yield,good quality and strong stress resistance.In this study,the prediction results of MaxEnt and the main producing areas of F.sinensis were sampled.Based on the seed traits,medicinal active ingredients,seed germination characteristics,physiological and biochemical indexes,the differences of different provenances and the correlation between the indexes were explored.The excellent provenances with strong stress resistance were screened out.The results were as follows:(1)The results of MaxEnt model showed that Ligustrum Ait was more sensitive to climatic and environmental factors.The precipitation in the warmest season,the seasonal variation coefficient of temperature and the lowest temperature in the coldest month are the main factors affecting the ecological suitability of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.At present,Ligustrum lucidum Ait in China is mainly distributed in the south of 39°N and east of 91° E.In the next four SPSS models,the area of the suitable area of Ligustrum lucidum Ait increased,and the movement of the centroid of the suitable area was irregular.Less precipitation and cold areas are still not suitable for the growth of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.(2)The results of the study on the effective components of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seed showed that there were abundant genetic variations among the effective components.The content of luteoloside may be mainly concentrated in seeds,and the other medicinal active ingredients increase with the increase of seeds.The plum rain season Ligustrum lucidum Ait needs a certain low temperature environment to better accumulate salidroside.The wettest season in one year has a large amount of precipitation,which is conducive to the accumulation of oleanolic acid in Ligustrum lucidum Ait The order of comprehensive membership degree of medicinal components was Hunan Zhijiang,Yunnan Jinning,Yunnan Zhaoyang,Hunan Xinning and Sichuan Emei,and the comprehensive membership values were 0.5656,0.4237,0.3615,0.3608 and 0.3145,respectively.It shows that Hunan Zhijiang provenance has excellent performance in medicinal components,and Sichuan Emei provenance has poor performance.(3)The results of seed and fruit morphological traits showed that there were significant differences in seed and fruit morphological traits between different provenances,with rich genetic variation and relatively stable.The variation mainly came from gene exchange of different provenances and gene recombination of the same provenance.The contribution of environment to variation was small,and the variation of seed width and seed height was relatively large.The relationship between seed traits and fruit traits was not close,but the relationship between seed traits and fruit traits was significant.The development of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seeds is sensitive to high temperature and precipitation.A small amount of nitrogen and organic matter will promote the growth of its seeds,while too much nitrogen and organic matter will inhibit the growth.The morphological characteristics of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seeds show typical regional plate characteristics.(4)Four factors and three levels orthogonal test:The TTC method was used to detect the viability of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seeds.The results showed that the optimum conditions for the determination of the viability of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seeds were:soaking time 16h,TTC concentration 0.7%,dyeing time 24h,dyeing temperature 30℃.There were significant differences in seed germination characteristics among different provenances.The provenance of Xinning in Hunan had the greatest viability,but the actual germination rates of Jinning and Zhaoyang in Yunnan were higher.The seed germination characteristics of Ligustrum lucidum Ait were related to the seed traits.The seeds with larger mass and volume had higher seed vigor.(5)The results of physiological and biochemical dynamics showed that the soluble sugar content of the six provenance seeds was the highest at 1d,and decreased and stabilized at 8d.Soluble protein decreased first and then increased;the activity of superoxide dismutase reached the peak at 22 d.Peroxidase and catalase activity continued to increase with seed germination.The differences between the indicators of various sources are significant,with good screening potential;the germination rate was significantly positively correlated with soluble protein,peroxidase and catalase,and the seed length was significantly negatively correlated with peroxidase and catalase,indicating that the closer to the round seed may have better stress resistance during germination and higher germination rate.更多还原