【作者】 倪芳芳；

【导师】 李治国；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 草学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 为研究不同载畜率下荒漠草原植物群落特征对土壤风蚀的影响,基于2013年建立的风蚀监测试验平台,以内蒙古四子王旗短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象进行草原土壤风蚀的研究。放牧试验采取完全随机区组设计,共设置4个载畜率水平,3次重复,分别为对照组(CK)、轻度放牧(LG)、中度放牧(MG)和重度放牧(HG)。风蚀试验在每个小区利用不同集沙高度的4套集沙装置(其中1套安装0、0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7、1.0、1.2 m这7个高度的集沙盒,另外3套安装0、0.1、0.3、1.0 m这4个高度集沙盒),于每年4月和10月中旬收集风蚀物,称重并计算风沙通量,利用元素分析仪(Vario MACRO CUBE)测定其全C和全N含量。5-10月进行逐月植物群落特征(高度、盖度、现存量、枯落物量)的调查。通过数据分析,得到以下结果:(1)不同载畜率下非生长季与生长季在不同集沙高度的风沙通量随着集沙高度的变化规律均可表达为Q=a H~b+c,其中各个载畜率下0.1 m高度的风沙通量所占比例最高。不同载畜率下各集沙高度的风沙通量表现为生长季高于非生长季。(2)非生长季和生长季的全C、全N含量随着集沙高度的变化规律均表达为y=ax~2+bx+c。非生长季与生长季全C含量的对比中,不同载畜率不同集沙高度下总体上表现为非生长季较高。放牧在一定程度上会降低风蚀物全C含量。全N含量在季节性变化上与全C含量相似。(3)不同载畜率下植物群落特征在不同时期对风蚀均有阻碍作用。植物群落特征(高度、盖度、现存量、枯落物量)均随载畜率增加而逐渐降低,且在不同季节都表现为HG、MG、LG、CK对风沙通量的影响依次降低。在CK和LG区,植物群落现存量和枯落物对降低风蚀起到主要作用,植物群落高度和盖度对MG和HG区风蚀的减少影响较大。更多还原

【Abstract】 The objective of this research was to study the effect of vegetation community characteristics on soil wind erosion under different stocking rates,based on the experimental platform for wind erosion monitoring in 2013 in Stipa breviflora desert steppe area.The grazing experiment adopted a completely randomized block design,with a total of 4 levels of stocking rate and 3 repetitions,namely control(CK),light grazing(LG),moderate grazing(MG)and heavy grazing(HG).Four sets of sand collecting devices(BSNE)with different heights(including one set of sand collecting box with height of 0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,1.0,1.2m,in addition,three sets of sand collecting box with height of 0,0.1,0.3,1.0 m)were used in each grazing plot to collect wind erosion materials in mid-April and mid-October every year,and then weigh and calculate the dust flux,and the total C and total N content were tested by Vario MACRO CUBE element analyzer.Monthly survey of plant community characteristics(height,coverage,Standing biomass,and litter weight)was carried out from May to October.Base on the data analysis,the results were as follows:(1)The fitting equation between dust flux and height under different stocking rates in non-growing season and growing season conformed to Q=a H~b+c,the percentage of dust flux at 0.1 m height was the highest.Dust flux of different height in growing season were higher than non-growing season under different stocking rates.(2)The fitting equation between total C,N and height in non-growing season and growing season conformed to y=ax~2+bx+c,total C of aeolian soil at the same height was ten times than total N content.Total C content of aeolian soil of non-growing season were higher than growing season in different heights under different stocking rates.Grazing reduced the total C content and the total N content of aeolian soil.(3)The plant community characteristics have the function of preventing wind erosion under different stocking rates in different seasons.With the stocking rate increasing,plant community height,vegetation cover,standing biomass and litter weight were gradually reduced.The effects of HG,MG,LG,and CK on dust flux decreased in turn.Plant community standing biomass and litter weight played a major role in reducing wind erosion in CK and LG treatment.Plant community height and vegetation cover has a great influence on reducing wind erosion in MG and HG treatment.更多还原