【作者】 鲍荆凯；

【导师】 吴翠云； 闫芬芬；

【作者基本信息】 塔里木大学 ， 果树学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 高密度遗传图谱的构建是开展分子辅助育种研究的基础,但枣遗传图谱构建和分子标记辅助选择的研究明显落后于其他果树。本研究以140株‘JMS2’ב交城5号’杂交F1代为试验材料,采用全基因组重测序技术(WGS,Whole Genome Sequencing),利用SNP和In Del标记,构建枣树高密度遗传图谱。连续2年调查果实大小、糖组分、酸组分等14个果实性状,并对调查性状进行QTL定位分析。取得主要结论如下:1.基于全基因组重测序技术,构建了一张枣高密度遗传图谱。该图谱包含12个连锁群,8684个上图标记,图谱总图距为1713.22c M,平均图距为0.20c M。2.连续2年调查的14个果实大小和糖酸性状的变异系数在12.48%-41.75%之间,说明这些性状在子代个体间存在广泛的分离;调查性状的次数分布图均符合正态分布,是受多基因调控的数量性状。3.使用R/qtl的区间作图法进行QTL定位,以LOD值≥3.0为QTL效应的临界值,14个果实性状共得到104个QTL位点,包括果实大小相关QTL位点57个、果实糖组分相关QTL位点17个、果实酸组分相关QTL位点30个。其中,检测到单果重的QTL位点14个、果实纵径的QTL位点11个、果实横径的QTL位点21个、果形指数的QTL位点11个;果糖的QTL位点6个、葡萄糖的QTL位点7个、蔗糖的QTL位点4个;草酸的QTL位点4个、酒石酸的QTL位点7个、奎宁酸的QTL位点6个、苹果酸的QTL位点2个、柠檬酸的QTL位点1个、富马酸的QTL位点7个、抗坏血酸的QTL位点3个。4.不同性状的QTL存在相同区间的遗传区段共23个。其中,果实横径与单果重重合区间11个;果实纵径与单果重重合区间3个;果实横径、果实纵径、单果重重合区间2个;果实纵径与果形指数重合区间1个;葡萄糖与果糖重合区间4个;果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖重合区间1个;苹果酸与酒石酸重合区间1个。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction of high-density genetic map is the basis of molecular assisted breeding research,but the research on genetic map construction and molecular marker assisted selection of jujube is obviously lagging behind other fruit trees.In this study.140 materials from ‘JMS2’ and‘Jiao Cheng 5’ hybrids F1,and use WGS(Whole Genome Sequencing)to develop SNP and In Del mark to construct a high-dersity genetic map of jujube trees.There are 14 fruit size and sugar-acid traits were investigated for two consecutive years,and QTL mapping was performed.The main conclusions are as follows:1.A high-density genetic map was constructed besed on Whole Genome Sequencing Technology and reference to ‘Dongzao’ genome.The map contains 8684 bin markers,the average map distance is 0.20 c M from the total map distance as 1713.22 c M.2.The variation coefficients of 14 fruit size and sugar acid traits investigated for two consecutive years were between 12.48 % and 41.75 %,indicating that these traits were widely separated among offspring individuals.The frequency distribution of the investigated traits conformed to normal distribution,which was a quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes.3.The interval mapping method of R/qtl was used for QTL mapping.With LOD value ≥ 3.0as the critical value of QTL effect.104 QTLs were detected in 14 traits of fruit,including 57 QTLs for fruit size,17 QTLs for fruit sugar components,and 30 QTLs for fruit acid components.The number of QTLs for single fruit weight was 14,11 QTLs for fruit length,21 QTLs for fruit diameter,11 QTLs for fruit shape index;6 QTLs for fructose,7 QTLs for glucose,and 4 QTLs for sucrose;there were 4 QTLs for oxalic acid,7 QTLs for tartaric acid,6 QTLs for quinic acid,2 QTLs for malic acid,1 QTL for citric acid,7 QTLs for fumaric acid and 3 QTLs for ascorbic acid.4.There were 23 genetic regions with the same interval in QTL for different traits.Among them,11 QTLs overlapping regions of fruit diameter and single fruit weight;three overlapping QTLs for fruit length and single fruit weight;two overlapping QTLs for fruit transverse diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter and single fruit weight;one overlapping QTLs for fruit length and fruit shape indext;four overlapping QTLs for fructose and glcose;one overlapping QTLs for fructose,glucose and sucrose;one overlapping QTLs for malic acid and tartaric acid.更多还原