【作者】 郑盛哲；

【导师】 沈军辉；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地质工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 华蓥市作为矿产资源型城市,矿产储量丰富,开采历史久远,市内有5个主要的大型矿区,高顶山矿区作为其中之一,有近60年的开采历史。大规模开采导致地质环境遭到巨大的破坏,森林湿地面积大幅减小,地质灾害发育,水土污染,石漠化及水土流失等大量地质环境问题。为完成国家提出的山水林田湖草生态保护和修复工作,要对高顶山矿区的地质环境进行矿山地质环境评价,其评价结果为后续的矿区恢复治理研究提供依据。本文在对高顶山矿区相关地质资料的收集及地质环境调查基础上,分析了矿区内存在的地质环境问题。结合矿区的地质环境情况,选取合适的评价因子,通过熵值法和层次分析法确定权重,基于Arc GIS平台和模糊综合评价法对高顶山矿区地质环境进行综合评价,通过综合评价的结果,对高顶山矿区矿山恢复治理进行研究。取得了如下成果。(1)区内环境地质问题以地质灾害为主,还存在矿山生态破坏及环境污染。区内发育地质灾害22处,其中危岩15处,不稳定斜坡灾害3处,泥石流4处。生态破坏主要为地貌景观破坏和土地损毁与压占,其中地貌景观破坏面积较广,主要为矿山开采形成的开采光壁及工业广场,破坏严重。土地压占与损毁总面积为369.43亩,以工业广场及矿渣堆积体为主,大范围的破坏林地。环境污染情况中土地资源污染程度较轻,且不会产生新的污染,水污染程扩散式的污染,其污染程度较轻,但为了保证用水安全,仍需重视。(2)根据矿区内环境地质问题情况及恢复治理研究需要,将高顶山矿区划分为8个分区。其中地质灾害问题主要集中在Ⅱ区、Ⅳ区、Ⅴ区、Ⅶ区及Ⅷ区,生态破坏各区严重程度不一,以Ⅳ区和Ⅶ最为严重,环境污染主要集中在3处堆渣体所在的Ⅶ区和Ⅷ区,其他区域影响较轻。(3)根据评价因子的建立原则、结合高顶山矿区当地的地质环境条件、以及矿山开采情况,选定地层岩性、坡度、开采程度、危岩灾害、不稳定斜坡灾害、矿渣泥石流灾害、地貌景观破坏、土地压占与损毁、水污染程度9个因素作为高顶山矿区地质环境评价的评价因子。利用层次分析法和熵值法确定权重后,再通过组合赋权法确定评价因子的最终权重。(4)基于Arc GIS平台,对各个评价因子进行矢量化处理后,通过模糊综合评价法,对高顶山矿区地质环境进行评价,并得到矿山地质环境评价结果。其中,地质环境评价差区面积为0.32km~2,占整个研究区面积的6.6%,地质环境评价一般区面积为0.63km~2,占整个研究区面积的12.7%,地质环境评价良好区面积为3.98km~2,占整个研究区面积的80.7%。该评价结果能充分反映高顶山矿区受开采影响的程度,为矿山环境恢复治理研究提供了理论依据。(5)根据高顶山矿区地质环境评价的结果,对高顶山矿区地质环境恢复治理进行研究。同时,提出将高顶山矿区打造成绿色矿山的新思想,通过升级转型,解决华蓥市因资源枯竭带来的经济负面影响。通过对高顶山矿区矿山环境的恢复治理研究,并利用其恢复治理研究成果,为其他矿区提供的新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a mineral resource-based city,Huaying City is rich in mineral reserves and has a long history of mining.There are five major large mining areas in the city.Gaodingshan mining area as one of them,whitch has nearly 60 years of mining history.The long-term mining has caused huge damage to the geological environment in the mining area,resulting in the degradation of forest wetland resources,serious soil erosion and rocky desertification,frequent geological disasters,serious water pollution and reduced biodiversity.In order to complete the ecological protection and restoration of mountain,forest,lake and grass proposed by the state,the geological environment of the Gaodingshan mining area should be evaluate,and the evaluation results will provide a basis for the subsequent research on restoration and management of the mining area.Based on the collection of relevant geological data and investigation of geological environment in Gaodingshan mining area,this paper analyzes the geological environment problems existing in the mining area.Combined with the geological environment of the mining area,select appropriate evaluation factors,and determine the weights by entropy method and analytic hierarchy process.Based on the Arc GIS platform and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the geological environment of Gaodingshan mining area is comprehensive evaluated.Through the results of the comprehensive evaluation,the mine restoration management of Gaodingshan mining area is studied.The following results have been achieving.(1)The environmental geological problems in the area are dominating by geological disasters,and there are mine ecological destruction and environmental pollution.There are 22 geological disasters in the area,including 15 dangerous rocks,3 unstable slope disasters,and 4 debris flows.Ecological damage is mainly landscape damage and land occupation.Among them,the damage area of the landscape is relatively wide,mainly the mining wall and industrial plaza formed by mining,and the damage is serious.The total area of land occupation and damage is 369.43 acres,mainly industrial squares and slag accumulations,which extensively destroy forestland.In the case of environmental pollution,land resources are light polluted,and no new pollution will occur.Water pollution is a diffuse type of pollution,and its degree of pollution is relatively light,but in order to ensure the safety of water use,it still needs to be paid attention.(2)According to the environmental geological problems in the mining area and the need for restoration and governance,the Gaodingshan mining area is divided into8 zones.Among them,the geological disasters are mainly concentrated in ZonesⅡ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,ⅦandⅧ.The severity of ecological damage varies from zone to zone,with zonesⅣandⅦbeing the most severe.The environmental pollution is mainly concentrated in theⅦandⅧareas where the three accumulations of slag are located,and the other areas are less affected.(3)According to the establishment principles of the evaluation factors,combined with the local geological environment conditions of the Gaodingshan mining area and the mining conditions.Nine factors including formation lithology,slope,mining degree,dangerous rock disaster,unstable slope disaster,slag and debris flow disaster,geomorphic landscape damage,land pressure and damage,and water pollution degree were selected as the evaluation factors of geological environment evaluation.After determining the weights using the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method,the final weight of the evaluation factor is determined by the combined weighting method.(4)Based on the Arc GIS platform,vectorize the evaluation factors.Through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the geological environment of the Gaodingshan mining area is evaluated,and the mine geological environment evaluation results are obtained.Among them,the area with severe environmental impact is 0.4km~2,accounting for 6.6%of the entire study area.The general area of environmental impact is 0.52km~2,accounting for 12.7%of the entire study area.The area with good environmental impact is 3.98km~2,accounting for 80.7%of the entire study area.The evaluation results can fully reflect the degree of mining impact in Gaodingshan mining area,and provide a theoretical basis for the research on mine environment restoration and governance.(5)According to the result of geological environment assessment of Gaodingshan mining area,the restoration and control of the geological environment of the Gaodingshan mining area is studied.Propose a new idea of turning Gaodingshan mining area into a landscape park.By upgrading and transforming,the negative economic impact of Huaying City due to resource depletion will be resolved.Through the research on the restoration and governance of the mining environment in the Gaodingshan mining area,and using its research results in restoration and governance,it provides new ideas for other mining areas.更多还原