【作者】 胡佳；

【导师】 魏欣； 樊瑛华；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 公共管理硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随我国畜禽养殖业的迅速发展,集约化、规模化养殖已成为必然趋势,大量的畜禽粪便超过环境负载能力,这也成为了我国环境污染的主要来源之一。规模畜禽养殖污染日益突出,推动政府对畜禽养殖污染防治工作进行专项治理,着手构建专项的环境质量标准,强化管理的水平,优化农村的整体环境水平。笔者通过走访畜禽污染管理部门,对养殖企业、小散户进行问卷调查,入户访谈等方式,全面了解了张家港市畜禽养殖业的污染及治理现状,张家港市从2005年开始就针对养殖污染进行治理,组建畜禽污染治理队伍,通过制定养殖污染治理政策,明确禁养区、限养区和适养区养殖范围,施行用地审批制度提供政策制度保障,并在全市开展畜禽养殖污染治理专项行动,严格落实养殖污染治理具体措施,包括制定养殖污染减排任务目标,对张家港市内污染严重养殖场实施关停转产,同时指导有条件养殖场进行综合治理,如配套建设环保设施、根据养殖场情况适当控减养殖量、规范病死畜禽无害化处理和推进畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用等。通过一系列举措,养殖污染治理取得了显著的成效,但仍存在不完善的地方。存在的主要问题包括:畜禽养殖污染治理部门各自为政缺乏协作、政府养殖污染治理监管缺力、治理水平低、养殖场污染治理宣传力弱,公众参与少,积极性不高。笔者深入分析,产生以上问题的主要原因为:政府污染治理机构缺乏协作机制、畜禽养殖污染政策法规不完善、养殖污染治理监管乏力、养殖污染治理工作本就复杂、难度大、公众对养殖污染污染治理重要性认识不足。根据产生问题原因,笔者提出了适用于张家港市当前畜禽养殖环境污染治理建议:政府加强畜禽养殖污染多部门协调治理;完善畜禽养殖污染治理政策法规;通过加大投资、加强污染治理配套设施建设和维护、创新治理方式等提升养殖污染治理水平;加强畜禽养殖企业管理,不能只注重自身利益和眼前利益,需强化企业承担污染治理的责任意识,严格养殖场新建、改建和扩建审批,加强养殖污染治理信息管理;加强畜禽养殖污染监管,建立养殖污染治理标准,培育专业性监管人才,提升养殖污染治理监管能力,严格考核,加强污染治理督察;利用多种方式强化对公众畜禽养殖污染治理宣传,提升养殖污染治理重视度,建立公众合力协作机制,引导公众积极参与。本研究可以完善张家港市实际的畜禽养殖污染治理对策,有效解决目前存在的畜禽养殖行业污染问题,为今后张家港市畜禽养殖业健康蓬勃发展打好基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China,intensive and large-scale livestock and poultry breeding has become an inevitable trend.Pollution from large-scale livestock and poultry breeding has become increasingly prominent,prompting the government to carry out special control of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding,set about establishing special environmental quality standards,strengthen the level of management,and optimize the overall environmental level in rural areas.By visiting the livestock and Poultry Pollution Management Department,conducting a questionnaire survey of livestock breeding enterprises and small individual households,and conducting interviews with households,the author has gained a comprehensive understanding of the current situation of pollution and treatment in the livestock and poultry breeding industry in Zhangjiagang,since 2005,Zhangjiagang has been carrying out the control of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding.Through formulating the control policy of pollution from livestock breeding,it has made clear the range of no-keep areas,restricted areas and suitable breeding areas,implementing A land-use examination and approval system to provide policy and institutional guarantees,and launching a special operation for pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding throughout the city,and strictly implementing specific measures for pollution control of livestock breeding,including setting targets for pollution reduction in livestock breeding,to close down and convert heavily polluted farms in the city of Zhangjiagang,and to guide the comprehensive treatment of conditional farms,such as supporting the construction of environmental protection facilities,according to farm conditions to reduce the amount of breeding,regulate the harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry and promote the utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste resources.Through a series of measures,aquaculture pollution control has achieved remarkable results,but there are still imperfect places.The main problems include: the lack of coordination between the pollution control departments of livestock and poultry breeding,the lack of supervision and control over pollution control by government breeding,the low level of control,the weak propaganda of pollution control by breeding farms,the lack of public participation and the low level of enthusiasm.In-depth analysis by the author,the main reasons for the above problems are: the lack of coordination mechanism among government pollution control agencies,the imperfection of livestock and poultry breedingpollution policies and regulations,the lack of supervision over livestock breeding pollution control,the complexity and difficulty of livestock breeding pollution control,and the lack of public awareness of the importance of livestock breeding pollution control.According to the causes of the problems,the author puts forward some suggestions which are suitable for the current pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding in Zhangjiagang To raise the level of pollution control through increasing investment,strengthening the construction and maintenance of supporting facilities for pollution control,and innovating control methods;to strengthen the management of livestock and poultry breeding enterprises,we must not only focus on our own interests and immediate interests,enterprises need to strengthen their sense of responsibility for pollution control,strictly examine and approve the construction,reconstruction and expansion of breeding farms,strengthen the information management of pollution control in breeding farms,strengthen pollution control in livestock and poultry breeding,and establish standards for pollution control in breeding farms,we will train professional supervisory personnel,enhance our ability to monitor and control pollution from livestock farming,conduct strict assessment,and strengthen pollution control supervision.We will intensify publicity on pollution control from livestock and poultry farming to the public in a variety of ways,so as to increase the importance attached to pollution control from livestock farming,establish a mechanism for public collaboration to guide public participation.This study can improve the actual livestock and poultry breeding pollution control measures in Zhangjiagang,effectively solve the existing livestock and poultry breeding industry pollution problems,and lay a good foundation for the future development of Zhangjiagang livestock and poultry breeding industry.更多还原