【作者】 王紫；

【导师】 雷祖康；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 建筑学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑遗产作为我国历史文化的载体,属不可移动类文物。在过去对建筑遗产的修缮保护大多处于为修而修的状态,近年来,建筑遗产保护领域中引入了预防性保护的概念,旨在避免由于自然灾害、人为坏损等原因造成建筑历史信息及价值信息的缺失。应对建筑遗产进行记录、监测、检查,分析建筑病害的成因以对其环境进行尽可能小的人为干预,维护建筑遗产信息的完整。武当山由于区内地形复杂,降水条件及太阳辐射被二次分配,导致各建筑存在于不同建筑微气候中,众多建筑遗产受其影响有着不同程度的潮湿裂损病害,其主要影响因素为“水”。本研究就武当山区内建筑遗产的裂损病害推论环境中“水”对建筑的作用机理,以此就建筑病害形成的根源问题进行探讨,指导建筑遗产的保护,防止裂损加剧恶化,为预防性保护研究提供思路。本研究主要分为六个部分:第一部分就本课题的研究目的、研究意义、研究方法及研究内容进行阐述,对相关概念的研究背景进行介绍,对研究对象及研究范围进行界定,同时对本研究所涉及到的研究方法、计算机模拟技术进行了详细的说明。第二部分通过国内外研究及相关国家规范,就建筑病害的表征及影响因素进行归纳整理,并结合笔者过去的实践资料,对潮湿环境下砖石结构建筑的病害表征以残损程度进行分类说明,总结潮湿环境下病害表征产生的相关影响因素与作用原理,并梳理外界“水”的来源,将建筑病害与水的来源进行连线,以此为后续案例分析提供理论支撑。第三部分就武当山地理区位,区内整体气候条件及地质地貌进行分析,提出不同微气候对建筑的影响存在差异,界定区内砖石建筑所处的地形环境并将其分类为平地、坡地及岩洞三种,并选择了三处建筑进行案例为研究对象。第四部分是对武当山区内的砖石结构建筑遗产案例的实地调研信息的整理及潮湿病害成因的分析结论。三个章节包括对案例建筑的基础信息、建筑病害表征的诊断及病害产生的原因分析等,首先对案例进行实地调研,对建筑遗产进行空间测绘和病害现状的计算机矢量图层描摹,辅助以三维扫描技术对建筑遗产进行空间数据的获取逆向建模及沉降监测,再通过对不同病害进行分图层层析,推论病害产生的原因。其中以榔梅祠案例为重点案例,概述了对其影像信息、三维空间数据信息的现场取得、三维点云模型的拼接及辅助逆向建模进行概述。同时,结合岩土类专业有限元分析软件Midas/GTS对案例建筑一定范围区域内的雨水渗流做模拟,得出当地气候条件下的雨水渗流路径、总水头分布、孔隙水压力、竖向应力及沉降现象的模拟,模拟结果与现实工况相一致。第五部分结合实例调研整理的建筑遗产病害表征及原因,就“水”对潮湿环境中建筑遗产的病害以其作用方式分为:结构失稳类病害、潮湿侵蚀作用类病害及材料劣化崩解作用类,梳理解释了潮湿环境下“水”对砖石结构建筑遗产病害的作用机理,对区内“水”对建筑病害的作用机理进行连线。第六部分为本研究的结论部分,分项总结了本研究的要点及不足之处,同时就研究过程中的实验方法、计算机模拟技术在接下来的进一步研究中的应用提出合理预想。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the carrier of Chinese history and culture,architectural heritage is an immovable cultural relic.In the past,the repair and protection of architectural heritage were mostly in the state of repair and repair.In recent years,the concept of preventive protection was introduced in the field of architectural heritage protection to avoid the lack of historical and value information of buildings due to natural disasters,man-made damage and other reasons.We should record,monitor and inspect the architectural heritage,analyze the causes of architectural diseases,and intervene the environment as little as possible to maintain the integrity of architectural heritage information.Due to the complex terrain,the precipitation and solar radiation are redistributed twice in Wudang Mountain,which leads to the existence of various buildings in different building microclimates.Many building heritages are affected by different degrees of moisture crack disease,and the main influencing factor is "water".This study infers the function mechanism of "water" in the environment to the building from the crack damage disease of the building heritage in Wudang Mountain area,so as to discuss the root cause of the building disease formation,guide the protection of the building heritage,prevent the crack damage from aggravating,and provide ideas for the preventive protection research.This study is divided into six parts:In the first part,the purpose,significance,methods and contents of the research are described,the research background of related concepts is introduced,the research object and scope are defined,and the research methods and computer simulation technology involved in the research are described in detail.In the second part,through the research at home and abroad and relevant national standards,the characterization and influencing factors of building diseases are summarized,and combined with the author’s past practice data,the disease characterization of masonry structure under the humid environment is classified and explained by the degree of damage,the relevant influencing factors and principles of disease characterization under the humid environment are summarized,and the external "water" is combed Source,connecting the building disease with the source of water,so as to provide theoretical support for the subsequent case analysis.The third part analyzes the geographical location of Wudang Mountain,the overall climate conditions and geological landforms in the area,and points out that there are differences in the impact of different microclimates on the buildings.It defines the terrain environment of the masonry buildings in the area and classifies them into three types: flat land,slope land and rock cave,and selects three buildings for case study.The fourth part is the sorting of the field investigation information and the analysis conclusion of the causes of the damp diseases of the brick and stone structure architectural heritage cases in Wudang Mountain area.The three chapters include the basic information of case architecture,the diagnosis of architectural disease characterization and the cause analysis of disease.Firstly,the case is investigated on the spot,the space mapping of architectural heritage and the computer vector layer description of disease status are carried out,and the space of architectural heritage is carried out with the aid of three-dimensional scanning technology Data acquisition reverse modeling and settlement monitoring,and then through different diseases layer chromatography,infer the causes of diseases.Taking the case of langmei temple as the key case,this paper summarizes the image information,the field acquisition of 3D spatial data information,the splicing of 3D point cloud model and the auxiliary reverse modeling.At the same time,combined with the professional finite element analysis software MIDAS / GTS of geotechnical engineering,the case buildingThe simulation of rainwater seepage in a certain area is carried out to obtain the simulation of rainwater seepage path,total head distribution,pore water pressure,vertical stress and settlement under local climate conditions.The simulation results are consistent with the actual conditions.In the fifth part,based on the characteristics and causes of the diseases of architectural heritage investigated and sorted out by examples,the diseases of "water" to the architectural heritage in humid environment can be divided into three categories:structural instability diseases,moisture erosion diseases and material degradation and disintegration diseases.The mechanism of "water" to the diseases of masonry architectural heritage in humid environment is explained Connect the action mechanism of building diseases.The sixth part is the conclusion of this study,which summarizes the main points and shortcomings of this study,and puts forward reasonable expectations on the experimental methods and the application of computer simulation technology in the next further study.更多还原