【作者】 何世文；

【导师】 郭清泉；

【作者基本信息】 广东工业大学 ， 化学工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 化妆品作为现代人生活的必需品,其安全性也备受人们的关注。人们关注的重点主要是化妆品原料的有毒物质及其含量,也有大量的法律法规来规范化妆品的生产和销售,但与化妆品息息相关的包装材料,特别是常用的塑料包装材料的安全性,却鲜有人注意,也少有法规和标准提及。在实际的生产中,很多厂家为了降低成本,忽视其安全性,而这样的产品也能堂而皇之地进入市场,危害人们的健康。因此研究化妆品塑料包装材料的安全性是很有必要和意义的。本研究针对PE、PET、PP和PVC四种常用的塑材材质,采用ASE萃取-气相色谱/质谱法对各材质塑料的有害物质含量进行了测定,其中包括二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)、2-仲丁基-4,6-二硝基苯酚(DNBP)、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、草酰乙酸(OAA)、双酚A(BPA)、双酚F(BPF)、乙烯基双硬脂酰胺(EBS)共10种有害物质。结果表明,OAA和EAA相对于其它有害物质含量较高。此外,在PE、PP、PET三种塑料包装样品中均没有检测处BHA、TBHQ以及BPF,说明这些化妆品塑料包装所含的有毒物质含量较少,安全性较高。值得指出的是,PVC材质包装相对析出物质更多,且浓度更高,而且其中DEHP可达7.87mg/kg,已超出GB 30604.30-2016《食品接触材料及制品邻苯二甲酸酯的测定和迁移量的测定》中DEHP的定量限5.00mg/kg。通过水浸出液、乙醇浸出液、环己烷浸出液探究塑料包装对化妆品中不同体系的影响,以及测定PE、PP、PET和PVC四种材质塑料盛放去离子水、65%乙醇溶液、50%乙醇溶液和环己烷后,内容物中塑化剂DEHP的迁移量。结果表明,水对塑料包装中小分子的溶出微乎其微,而油相相对于水会溶出更多的小分子物质。相对来说,酒精对塑料的影响是最大的,特别是对PP和PVC,50%乙醇浸泡的溶出物量分别为4.9mg和3.9mg,65%乙醇浸泡的溶出物量分别为5.6mg和6.6mg,相比PE和PET均较高,故含酒精的化妆品适合使用PE或PET来包装。另一方面,PVC材质的塑料容器相比PE、PP和PET更容易析出DEHP,而且乙醇溶液的浓度越高,其析出含量亦越大,90%乙醇溶液中DEHP的迁移量可达600mg/m L。而且,浸泡时间越长,DEHP析出量亦越多,PVC塑料浸泡75%乙醇溶液240小时后,DEHP迁移量达到520mg/m L。同时,温度对PVC塑料中DEHP的迁移量亦有影响,基本呈正相关关系,当70℃时75%乙醇溶液浸泡24h后DEHP迁移量接近500mg/m L。基于该实验结果,对化妆品用塑料包装的材质选择具有一定的参考意义,如使用PVC材质作为化妆品包材的产品,需要关注该物质的析出量,特别是水乳液类产品;PVC材质不宜用于保质期较长的产品;或是PVC材质的化妆品包装不宜用于常暴露于高温环境下的化妆品等。结合今年疫情,75%消毒酒精热销,更应关注此类产品的包装材质,相较其他包材,PVC的安全性较差。总的来说,只要在生产过程中控制好有毒物质的量,针对特殊的化妆品选择特定的塑料包装材料,塑料包装的安全性以及化妆品整体的安全性都是有保障的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cosmetics are the necessity for modern people,whose security has been highly focused.People pay much attention on the toxic substance and its content in the raw material of the cosmetics,and there are a lot of laws to standardize the manufacture and marketing.However,the packing,especially the plastic packing,is greatly relevant to the cosmetics,whose security is neglected by many people,as well as the law.Numerous factories overlook its security aiming to cut down the cost.These dangerous products come into the market,doing harm to people’s health.Hence,it is necessary and meaningful to do research about the security of plastic packing for cosmetics.In this study,PE,PET,PP and PVC were used to determine the content of harmful substances,including BHT,BHA,TBHQ,DEHP,2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitro Phenol(DNBP),ethylene acrylic acid copolymer(EAA),oxaloacetic acid(OAA),bisphenol A(BPA),bisphenol F(BPF),vinyl bisstearamide(EBS)are 10 harmful substances.The results showed that OAA and EAA were higher than other harmful substances.In addition,BHA,TBHQ and BPF are not detected in PE,PP and PET plastic packaging samples,which indicates that the plastic packaging of cosmetics contains less toxic substances and has high safety.It is worth noting that PVC packaging has more precipitated substances and higher concentration,and DEHP can reach 7.87mg/kg,which has exceeded the quantitative limit of DEHP in GB 30604.30-2016 determination of phthalate esters and migration in food contact materials and products by 5.00mg/kg.Therefore,further study on the migration of PVC packaging content.The effects of plastic packaging on different systems of cosmetics were studied by water,ethanol and cyclohexane leachates.The migration of DEHP in the contents of PE,PP,pet and PVC were measured after they were filled with deionized water,65% ethanol,50% ethanol and cyclohexane.The results show that water dissolves little small molecules in plastic packaging,while oil phase dissolves more small molecules than water.Compared with PE and pet,alcohol has the greatest impact on plastics,especially on PP and PVC.The 50% ethanol soaking solution is 4.9mg and 3.9mg respectively,and the 65% ethanol soaking solution is 5.6mg and 6.6mg respectively.Compared with PE and pet,alcohol containing cosmetics are suitable for PE or PET packaging.On the other hand,PVC plastic containers are more likely to precipitate DEHP than PE,PP and PET,and the higher the concentration of ethanol solution,the greater the amount of precipitation.The migration of DEHP in 90% ethanol solution can reach 600g/m L,indicating that the use of PVC material as a cosmetic package product needs to pay attention to the amount of precipitation,especially the water emulsion products.Moreover,the longer the soaking time is,the more DEHP will be precipitated out.After soaking PVC in 75% ethanol solution for 240 hours,the migration of DEHP will reach 520 g / ml,indicating that PVC material is not suitable for products with longer shelf life.Combined with this year’s epidemic situation,75% of sterilized alcohol has been sold well.We should pay more attention to the packaging materials of this kind of products.Compared with other packaging materials,PVC is less safe.All in all,the property of plastic is excellent,and its security as well.Only when control the amount of toxic substance well and choose specified plastic packing for special cosmetics,can we ensure the security of the plastic packing for cosmetics as well as the security of the whole of the cosmetics.更多还原