【作者】 高威；

【导师】 王尔大；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 企业管理， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 就业问题是关乎国计民生的大事,实现就业稳定是国家宏观经济发展的重要战略目标之一。旅游业由于就业门槛比较低、工作方式灵活等优势,在创造不同层次工作岗位方面一直发挥重要作用。近几年来,我国旅游业飞速发展,入境旅游和国内旅游都出现蓬勃发展的趋势,旅游业已经成为促进我国经济发展的重要力量。我国地大物博,不同地区的旅游资源、自然环境、经济发展水平以及教育水平等存在较大差异,旅游产业存在较大的空间差异性,同时我国旅游业具有明显的集聚现象,每一个地区的旅游业发展情况会对其他省份产生影响。因此从区域角度探究旅游就业的影响因素的差异以及空间联系具有特殊意义。本文以我国省份旅游就业情况为研究样本,通过构建面板数据模型,从区域差异和空间集聚的角度,对旅游就业的影响因素进行实证研究。首先,本文对国内外旅游就业现状进行了系统归纳和分析,然后以我国旅游业发展趋势和旅游就业的现状特点出发点,从社会环境、旅游业行业特征、人力资本以及旅游服务贸易四个方面提出了旅游就业的潜在影响因素。实证分析部分,本文构建了双对数标准面板数据模型,对东中西三大地区旅游就业影响因素的差异进行分析;并从空间集聚角度出发,构建空间计量模型,对旅游就业影响因素的作用机制进行进一步探究。研究结果发现,社会环境、旅游业行业特征、人力资本以及旅游服务贸易四个方面的因素都通过各自不同的具体指标对旅游就业发挥不同的作用。整体上看,我国东中西三大地区旅游就业人数影响因素具有明显的差异性,并且我国旅游就业人数存在着显著的空间依赖性,有明显的空间集聚趋势,邻近省份的就业水平对本省具有正的溢出效应,相对位置的扩大会使溢出效应的强度降低。在影响旅游就业人数的各类因素中,旅游行业固定资产投资和旅游企业数量对本省旅游就业人数影响最大,此外,旅游业的季节性经营模式也会影响就业人数。人力资本水平受到空间流动性的影响对不同地区旅游就业水平影响机制不同。旅游服务贸易对不同地区就业产生不同影响,考虑空间因素之后,外汇收入尚未对旅游就业产生显著影响,这与我国服务贸易整体处于逆差状态有关。最后,国内旅游消费的增加会促进旅游就业人数的显著增加。结合两种模型的结果,综合分析我国旅游就业的影响因素,并据此从旅游政策的制定、区域合作以及特色旅游等方面提出相关建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Employment is a major issue related to the national economy and the people’s livelihood,and the realization of employment stability is one of the important strategic goals of the country’s macroeconomic development.The tourism industry has played an important role in the creation of different levels of work because of the low threshold of employment and flexible work style.In recent years,China’s tourism industry develops quickly;inbound tourism and domestic tourism are in a booming trend.Tourism has become an important force to promote China’s economic development.Our country is with abundant resources and there are great differences in tourism resources,natural environment,economic development level and education in regions.And China’s tourism industry has obvious agglomeration phenomenon,tourism development in each region will have an impact on other provinces.Therefore,it is of special significance to explore the influence factors of tourism employment from region perspective and consider the spatial relationship.In this paper,we explore the impact of the factors of tourism employment through the construction of the panel data model with the China’s provincial tourism employment as a sample,from the perspective of regional differences and spatial linkages.First of all,this paper makes a systematic analysis of the researches of the domestic and international scholar about the tourism employment.And then starting from the present characteristics of the development of tourism industry and the trend of tourism employment,we propose the potential factors influencing tourism employment from the four aspects of social environment,the tourism industry characteristics,human capital and tourism service trade.In the part of empirical analysis,this paper constructs the model of the double logarithm panel data,and analyzes the differences of factors between the three regions.This paper constructs a spatial econometric model to further explore the mechanism of the influence factors of tourism employment from the perspective of spatial linkage.The results show that the social environment,the characteristics of tourism industry,human capital and tourism service trade are four factors which play different roles in tourism employment with their own different specific indicators.On the whole,there are obvious differences in the influencing factors of tourism employment in three regions of China.The results show that significant spatial correlations of tourism employment between provincial regions exist.For instances,the neighboring employment level has a positive spillover effect on the provinces,however the overflow effect diminishes as a regional territory is expanded.Among them,the fixed assets investment in tourism industry and the number of tourism enterprises have the greatest impact on the number of tourism employment,and the seasonal business model of tourism will affect the number of employees.The level of human capital is influenced by the spatial mobility,which has different effects on employment in different regions.Tourism service trade has different effects on employment in different regions.After considering the spatial factors,the foreign exchange income has not significant impact on tourism employment which is related with the trade deficit.Finally,the increase in domestic tourism consumption will promote the significant increase in the number of tourism employment.Based on the results of the two models,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of tourism employment in China,Based on this,some suggestions are put forward from the aspects of the formulation of tourism policy,regional cooperation and characteristic tourism.更多还原