【作者】 傅晓燕；

【导师】 梅军；

【作者基本信息】 西南科技大学 ， 化学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 超级电容器是一种新型的能量储存设备,在国防和民用等领域都有着广泛的应用。电极材料是超级电容器各大性能的关键影响因素,所以,对于高性能电极材料的研究具有重大意义。本论文的目的是制备出高性能的碳气凝胶/金属氧化物复合电极材料,并应用于超级电容器中,来研究复合材料的各大性能。通过热重分析研究了碳气凝胶/金属氧化物的质量损失随温度的变化情况以及金属含量,通过扫描电镜观察表面形貌,以及能谱分析里面存在的元素成分,通过X射线衍射分析了复合碳气凝胶的结构特征,通过电感耦合等离子发射光谱分析元素的含量,以及氮气吸附分析复合材料比表面积和孔结构的关系。在水系电解液6 M KOH溶液中,使用了恒电流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗等测试研究了电极材料的比容量、充放电稳定性、内电阻等电化学性能。本论文主要做了以下几方面研究:1、采用溶胶-凝胶方法,利用间苯二酚,甲醛为前驱体,乙酸-氢氧化钠为催化剂,乙酸镍为金属源,在常压下直接制备出碳气凝胶/氧化镍(CA/Ni O)复合电极材料用于超级电容器中。研究表明,氧化镍的加入增加了电极的导电性,同时由于碳气凝胶本身的网络骨架结构,使得氧化镍颗粒能够均匀的复合在碳气凝胶中,对比表面积和孔隙度都有一定的影响,以及氧化镍对整个复合材料的电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,在电流密度0.1 A/g时,CA/Ni O复合材料的比容量达到230 F/g,与纯碳材料相比,有很大提升。而且本论文中还探讨了不同的复合量对复合电极的影响,不同催化剂对复合电极的影响。2、采用电化学沉积法,使用碳气凝胶(CA)为基底电沉积氢氧化钴(Co(OH)2),并200℃的空气中退火制备出碳气凝胶/四氧化三钴(CA/Co3O4)的复合材料用于超级电容器中。采用XRD、SEM等表征手段对样品的内部结构和微观结构分析。采用循环伏安,恒电流充放电以及交流阻抗测试了材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明:使用电化学沉积法制备出的CA/Co3O4复合材料,当电流密度为0.5 A/g与5 A/g时,测得的质量比容量分别为1020 F/g和646 F/g。可见由于Co3O4的复合,可以很大程度的提高其电化学性能。研究表明,碳气凝胶和金属氧化物复合可以很大的提高其电容性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage devices, has a widely application in national defense and civil fields. The electrode material is the main factor influencing the performance of supercapacitor, therefore, it has important significance to the research of high performance electrode material.The purpose of this study is preparation high performance electrode materials of the carbon aerogel / metal oxide composite, and the application in supe rcapacitor. Analysis the quality loss variation with temperature and the metal content of carbon aerogel / metal oxide composite by thermogravimetric analysis,the surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy, analysis the element content by energy spectrum analysis, analysis the structure characteristics of compound carbon aerogel by X ray diffraction, analysis the element content by inductively coupled the plasma emission spectrum analysis, analysis the specific surface area and pore str ucture of composite by nitrogen adsorption analysis. Study the electrochemical properties, analysis specific capacity, charge discharge cycle stability and internal resistance by constant current charge discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance test in 6mol/L through KOH in the electrolyte. This study mainly discussed the following aspects of work:1.Resorcinol,formaldehyde as precursor, acetic acid and sodium hydroxide as catalyst, nickel acetate as the metal source by sol- gel method, under atmospheric pressure direct preparation of carbon aerogel / nickel oxide(CA/Ni O) composite electrode material for supercapacitor. Research shows that the nickel oxide can increased the conductive electrode, at the same time, makes the nickel oxide particle s can be evenly in the composite carbon aerogels, as the network frame structure of carbon aerogel itself, and the nickel oxide particles have a certain influence on surface area and porosity, affect the whole composite electrochemical performance. The research results indication electrochemical performance has the very big promotion of composite carbon aerogels, compare to pure carbon materials. The capacity reached to 230 F/g in the current density of 0.1 A/g. This study also discusse the effect of compound amount and different catalysts of the composite electrode.2.Carbon aerogel(CA) as the substrate deposition cobalt hydroxide(Co(OH) 2) b y electrochemical deposition method, and annealing in air 200 ℃ preparation of carbon aerogel / four oxidation three cobalt(CA/Co3O4) composite electrode materials. Analysis internal structure feature and morphology by XRD, SEM and so on. Electrochemical performance characterized and tested of the samples by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge discharge test, AC impedance test on.The results indication that: electrochemical deposition preparation CA/Co3O4 composite electrode materials, the quality capacity can achieve to 1020 F/g and 646 F/g in the current density of 0.5 A/g and 5 A/g, respectively. Visible because of composite Co3O4, can greatly improve the electrochemical performance.The results show that carbon aerogels and metal oxide co mposite can greatly enhance its capacitive performance.更多还原