【作者】 李宁；

【导师】 何长高； 杨洁；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以江西省水土保持科技生态园7个径流小区作为试验研究对象，采用相关分析、线性回归、灰色系统等分析方法，对不同水土保持措施下土壤水分及地表径流特征进行研究分析。通过研究6种不同水土保持措施下坡面土壤水分及地表径流特征，从而揭示土壤水分的运动和贮存规律，为坡面理水调洪型水土保持建设提供一定的依据。得出主要结论如下：（1）通过对试验区7个径流小区研究发现，6个有水土保持措施的小区土壤饱和持水量大小依次为：柑橘+百喜草全园覆盖（1418.31t/hm2）﹥柑橘+百喜草带状覆盖（1389.88t/hm2）﹥柑橘+普通水平梯田（梯壁植草）（1173.81t/hm2）﹥柑橘+作物横坡耕作（1140.13t/hm2）﹥柑橘+普通水平梯田（梯壁无草）（1067.00t/hm2）﹥柑橘清耕（1063.94t/hm2）。且有水土保持措施下的土壤饱和持水量均强于无任何措施的CK对照小区（977.19t/hm2）。且植物结构越复杂，土壤土壤饱和持水量越大。（2）通过对不同水土保持措施下深度在0～100cm的土壤进行分析。6种措施下土壤平均含水量由高到低依次为：柑橘+百喜草全园覆盖（23.32%）﹥柑橘+百喜草带状覆盖（23.08%）﹥柑橘+普通水平梯田（梯壁植草）（18.00%）﹥柑橘+作物横坡耕作（10.68%）﹥CK小区(9.66%)﹥柑橘+普通水平梯田（梯壁无草）(8.50%)﹥柑橘清耕(8.36%)。在深度在0cm～20cm的土壤中，柑橘+百喜草带状覆盖小区的含水量高于柑橘+百喜草全园覆盖小区，主要原因是0cm～20cm深度的土层是植物根系分布区，植物根系吸收和蒸腾作用消耗了太多水分，而在20cm～100cm深度的土层，柑橘+百喜草全园覆盖小区的土壤含水量均最高。（3）通过对2005～2009年降雨径流观测资料研究发现，与CK小区进行比较，不同水土保持措施对地表径流量的削减率分别为：柑橘+百喜草全园覆盖（59.4%）、柑橘+百喜草带状覆盖（50.4%）、柑橘+作物横坡耕作（14.6%）、柑橘清耕（8.6%）。从地表径流量的大小顺序可以看出，措施中植被结构越复杂，地表径流量越小。通过对不同降雨下各小区地表径流因子的研究表明：水土保持措施对径流的影响主要表现在径流量减小、径流峰值和地表水深深度的降低、产流的滞后，并且随着植被结构的不断复杂，这种作用越强。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article was based on experiments performed on seven runoff plots in JiangxiEco-science Park of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC). By using the method ofcorrelation analysis, linear regression and grey system analysis and so on, soilmoisture and surface runoff characteristics under six of different soil and waterconservation measures were analyzed. By studying the slope surface soil moisture andsurface runoff characteristics under different soil and water conservation measures,we could reveal the movement and storage of soil moisture, and provide a certainbasis for slope type water flood water and soil conservation construction. The mainconclusions were as follows:（1）Through the study on the seven runoff plots in the experimental zone, itcame to the conclusion that the soil saturation moisture capacity of the six residentialarea of soil and water conservation measures was as follows: citrus+bahia grass fullcovered（1418.31t/hm2）>citrus+bahia grass belt cover（1389.88t/hm2）>citrus+ordinary level terraces (planting grass on ladder wall)（1173.81t/hm2）> citrus+crop transverse slope farming（1140.13t/hm2）> citrus+ordinary level terrace(ladderwall without grass)（1067.00t/hm2）> citrus planted without any other plants（1063.94t/hm2）, and saturation moisture capacity of the six districts under soil andwater conservation measures was better than the CK plots（977.19t/hm2）without anymeasure, and the structure of a plant was more complex, the better the performanceof soil infiltration and water storage performance would be.(2)Through the profile analysis based on the soil on the depth in0to100cmunder different soil and water conservation measures, it was found that the turn ofaverage soil water content of the plots under six measures from high to low was:citrus+bahia grass full covered（23.32%）>citrus+bahia grass belt cover（23.08%）>citrus+ordinary level terraces (planting grass on ladder wall)（18.00%）> citrus+crop transverse slope farming（10.68%）>CK plots(9.66%)> citrus+ordinary levelterrace(ladder wall without grass)(8.50%)> citrus planted without any otherplants(8.36%). In soil on the depth of0cm to20cm, citrus+bahia grass strip coveredarea was higher than the water content of the citrus+bahia grass full covered area, the main reason was that the area on the depth of0cm to20cm was the plant root systemdistribution area, plant root absorption and transpiration consuming too much water,and on the depth of20cm to100cm soil layer, the soil moisture content of citrus+bahia grass full covered area was the highest.(3) Based on the study on the rainfall runoff observation data from2005to2009,it could be found that compared with CK plots, the reduction rate of differentmeasures of soil and water conservation on surface runoff was respectively: citrus+bahia grass full covered (59.4%), citrus+bahia grass belt cover (50.4%), citrus+crop transverse slope farming (14.6%), citrus planted without any other plants (8.6%).It could be seen from the order of amount of surface runoff that the more complicatedof the measures of vegetation structure, the smaller the surface runoff would be. Thestudy on surface runoff factors in different plots under the condition of rainfall hadshown that the influence of soil and water conservation measures on runoff was inaspects as follows: surface water depth, runoff decrease, reducing the peak runoff andrunoff lagging. With the development of complex of plants structure, the effect wouldbe stronger.更多还原