【作者】 赵建华；

【导师】 贺江平； 王仲秋；

【作者基本信息】 西安工程大学 ， 纺织工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，随着科学技术的进步和经济的发展，人们的生活水平也随着提高，越来越多的人们对功能性的纺织服装也有了更高的要求。纺织服装的功能化，适应了人们生活方式的变化和追求健康、舒适的预期，为人们完美的生活提供了更多的选择，是纺织服装产品研究及进步的方向，也是增加产品附加值的有效途径之一。织物的防水整理是纺织品功能化研究的方向之一，因此织物的防水性研究对人们生活水平的提高有着极大地促进作用。传统意义的防水类整理剂虽然可以赋予织物良好的防水性能，但是用传统的防水整理剂处理织物后会严重影响织物的手感及服用舒适性。用传统的防水整理剂整理织物时，通常需要使用大量柔软剂来改善手感，或因防水等其他性能不佳需外加助剂予以改善。由于氟原子的电负性大，直径小，且C-F键键能高，可以使水的表面张力显著降低，从而经含氟整理剂整理的织物，同时具有防水、防污性能。与氢原子相比，氟原子更容易将C-F键屏蔽起来，保持高度的稳定性。因此含氟防水剂在强酸、强碱、高温和高辐射等各种环境下也能显示出较高的稳定性。另外，含氟整理剂在较少的用量，较低的浓度下就可以起到很好的防水作用，这类整理剂处理后的织物手感良好，透气性、透湿性优异。和有机硅、烃类整理剂相比，含氟整理剂在拒水拒油性、防污性、耐洗性、耐摩擦性、耐腐蚀性等各方面有不可比拟的优势，因此含氟类防水整理剂在纺织服装加工中的应用日趋广泛。本文对一种具有防水性能的有机氟整理剂合成原理、工艺以及产物的物化性能做了较为深入的研究，并初步探讨了产品的应用性能。首先，针对国内原材料的供应情况，选择一条较为合理的合成工艺路线，并且对聚合反应过程进行了优化设计。即：第一步将所有反应的单体进行预乳化，第二步取其中的十五分之一到十分之一聚合反应制得种子乳液，第三步将第一步剩余的预乳液缓慢的滴加到第二步的种子乳液中并于80℃下聚合反应。通过实验设计，对聚合反应中聚合方式的选择、滴加时间、聚合温度、搅拌速度的快慢、有机氟单体的选择及用量、丙烯酸酯单体的用量、功能单体的种类及用量、引发剂的种类及用量、乳化剂的种类及用量等方面做了详细的分析和选择。在应用方面，对合成的有机氟防水剂在用量、浸轧方式、焙烘时间、焙烘温度等方面进行了分析和讨论。另外采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、润湿接触角、粒径、静水压法、喷淋测试法等方法对织物用有机氟防水剂整理后的效果进行表征，防水级别可达4~5级，润湿接触角大于135°，乳液的粒径大部分小于0.30μm，乳胶粒的平均粒径为0.15μm。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent years, with the scientific progress and economic development, people’s living standards are improved, more and more people have higher requirements for functional textile and garment. Functionalization of textiles adapts to the changes of people’s life, and satisfy people’s pursuit of a healthy, comfortable, provide more choices for people to have perfect life, and it is the direction of improving product’s quality and value. Waterproof and breathable fabric finishing is is one of studying of textiles functionalized, and it will improve people’s living standards greatly.When the fabric is touched by water,breathable but not wetting, this phenomenon is usually called water repellent or waterproof. Strictly, waterproof airtight, water surface tension is72.8mN/m at20℃, and the fabric surface tension will not be wetted if surface tension is less than72.8mN/m, and having waterproof.The traditional waterproof finishing agent can give good waterproof to fabric, but seriously affect the feel of the fabric and the quality of taking comfort. The fabric treated with a repellent finish usually need to use a large number of softeners to improve the feel, or use other agents because of the poor performance of waterproof. Because of the fluorine atoms with large negative charge,and it’s diameter is small, and the bond energy of C-F is high,it can decrease the surface tension of water significantly, so it exhibits excellent hydrophobic oleophobicity. The finished fabric has the quality of waterproof, anti-oil, antifouling.Compared with the hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom is easier making C-F bond shield together, to maintain a high degree of stability. Therefore fluorinated water repellent shows stability in acid, alkali, high temperature and high radiation environment. Additionally, a low concentration of fluorine-containing finishing agent has high-impact characteristics, so that the treated fabric can be maintained a good feel, excellent in air permeability, moisture permeability.Compareed with silicone and hydrocarbons, fluorinated finishing agent in water-repellent and the oily, stain resistance, washability and abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and other incomparable advantages, so it will be widely used.In this paper, one agent which has a waterproof, oil repellent properties is studyed, we do a more in-depth research about the organic fluorine finishing agent synthesis process, structure and performance, and product physical and chemical properties,and investigate the performance of the application. Firstly, the availability of domestic raw materials, select a more reasonable synthesis route, and optimize the design of the polymerization process. Namely:first, all the reaction of the monomer pre-emulsification, second,take one of the fifteenth to tenth polymerization seed emulsion, third,take the rest of the pre-emulsion and slowly add it to the second step of the seed emulsion polymerization at80～90℃. By experimental designing, the choice of the mode of polymerization in the polymerization reaction, the dropping time, the polymerization temperature, stirring speed of the selection and usage of the organic fluorine monomer, acrylic acid ester monomer in an amount, type and amount of the functional monomer, initiator the type and dosage of the agent, emulsifier type and amount,are studyed carefully and make a best choice in the end.In the application, the synthesis of organic fluorine water repellent agent in the dosage, the immersion time, baking time, baking temperature, etc, are analyzed and discussed.Futher, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, wetting contact angle, particle size, the method of hydrostatic pressure spray test method to characterize the effect of the method after finishing with organic fluorine water repellent fabric, the level of water-repellent is up to4-5,wetting contact angle is greater than135°, emulsion90%particle diameter is less than0.30μm, The average particle diameter of the latex particles is0.15μm.更多还原