【作者】 胡艳歌；

【导师】 酒路；

【作者基本信息】 河南师范大学 ， 美术学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 张艺谋是中国电影的领军人物,纵观他的电影不难发现其成功之处在于对视觉语言的成功运用。然而,对其电影批判最多的也是营造的视觉美感——形式大于内容。因此,本文将梳理和审视其电影中视觉语言的基本特征,解读张艺谋电影对“构图”、“色彩”以及“场景”等视觉元素的运用,并针对其主要作品对这些视觉元素产生的视觉和心理效果进行深入、具体的分析。本文以张艺谋的电影作品作为研究文本,剖析影像中所呈现的视觉语言特征。文章的第一部分,对视觉语言的产生与内涵做了一个阐释,同时总结出张艺谋电影视觉语言的基本特征。对张艺谋电影视觉语言的基本特征进行研究,主要是从去地域化、伪民俗化、色彩的鲜明对比三个方面入手,从整体上理解张艺谋电影的特点,为接下来具体分析视觉语言在其电影中的运用,提供宏观理论支持。张艺谋电影中的视觉语言具体体现在：第一,画面构图非常讲究,常采用横、纵向构图、对角线构图和油画式构图,通过对其主要作品中构图的分析,让观众在观看时了解其所传达的意义；第二,视觉构成元素色彩主要分析它的表意功能和叙事功能以及张艺谋的个人化色彩。在色彩的表意功能上,张艺谋利用色彩本身所代表的含义,与具体的影片相结合,起到深化主题的作用；色彩的叙事功能是从面积、色相对比,对推动剧情发展方面入手的；个人化色彩,是对张艺谋影片做一个总结,找出其使用频率最高、能代表他电影的色调；第三,张艺谋电影场景通过舞台化和仪式化进行处理,为影片内容服务。正是上述视觉元素的综合运用,在为影片确立总基调的同时,体现了创作者的意图,将影片主题进一步深化。张艺谋电影视觉语言创造出的价值表现在以下几个方面：第一,在分析张艺谋成功经验的同时,找出其电影视觉语言方面的创新与突破,以便为国产电影的发展做更好的指导；第二,将美术元素在电影中成功运用使得张艺谋影片在电影界独树一帜,同样张艺谋的影片也为绘画及平面设计提供了创作灵感,带动了美术的进步；第三,张艺谋电影具有很浓重的中国味,在他的影片中总是把中国元素表现的淋漓尽致,民族元素在成就张艺谋的同时,张艺谋影片对民间文化的传承和弘扬也起到一定的作用；第四,通过电影画面的诗意化处理,在观影的过程中提高人们电影视觉语言的审美心理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zhang Yimou is the leader of Chinese movie. Based on the analysis of his films, it is not difficult to find that his success lies in the successful use of visual language. However, the most frequent criticism his films receive goes exactly with the visual beauty he creates, claiming that form outweighs content. This paper will review and examine the basic characteristics of visual language in his films, interpret the use of visual elements, such as composition, color and scene, and make a deep analysis of the visual and psychological effects of these visual elements in his main works.This thesis takes Zhang Yimou as a "case" to study the visual language displayed in his films. The first chapter of this thesis explains how visual language comes into being and what it is, and then summarizes the basic characteristics of visual language in Zhang Yimou’s films. To study the basic characteristics of visual language in Zhang Yimou’s films, it starts mainly with three aspects, which is delocalization, pseudo folklore and color contrast, to understand the characteristics of Zhang Yimou’s films on the whole and to provide macro theory support for the following detailed analysis of the use of visual language in his films,visual language in Zhang Yimou’s films is embodied in the following aspects. Firstly, the picture composition is very exquisite, often utilizing horizontal composition, vertical composition, diagonal composition, painting composition. Through the analysis of the compositions in his main works, the audiences are informed of the meanings they convey. Secondly, the visual element—color is analyzed mainly through its expressive function, narrative function and Zhang Yimou’s personal color utilization. For the expressive function of color, Zhang Yimou combines the meanings of the color itself and a specific film in order to deepen its theme; The narrative function of color is how the development of a story can be affected by the contrast of area and color; personalized color is a summary of Zhang Yimou’s films, to find out the color which is used the most frequently and can represent his film. Thirdly, the scenes in Zhang Yimou’s films are processed through stage adaptation and ritualization for the sake of the content of the films.lt is the integrated use of the above visual elements that establishes the general tone of a film and, at the same time, reflects the creator’s intention, deepening the theme of the film.The value of visual language created in Zhang Yimou’s films is shown in the following aspects. Firstly, by analyzing Zhang Yimou’s successful experience, we can find out the innovation and breakthrough of the film visual language in order to make a better guidance for the development of the domestic film industry. Secondly, the successful use of art elements in Zhang Yimou’s films provides the inspiration for painting as well as graphic design, and promotes the progress of art. Thirdly, Zhang Yimou’s films have a strong Chinese taste. In his films, Chinese elements are always fully embodied. These ethnic elements help establish Zhang Yimou’s achievements, at the same time, Zhang Yimou’s films play a role in the heritage and promotion of folk culture. Forthly, the poetic treatment of film pictures improves the audience’s aesthetic psychology of visual language while they are watching a movie.更多还原