【作者】 王岚；

【导师】 崔令之；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 民商法学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 所谓分居制度指的是在夫妻感情不和或出现法定分居事由时,夫妻可以通过协议或诉请法院裁决,免除双方同居义务,同时变更相应夫妻权利义务的制度。从性质来看,德国学者认为分居是一种法律行为,根据我国民法学相关原理,分居也可以认定为一种民事法律行为,分居所处的特殊阶段决定了其在婚姻家庭法上具有重要的地位。夫妻财产关系包括夫妻财产制、夫妻扶养义务、夫妻继承权三个方面。实践中,夫妻处于分居期间,经常会财产归属不清、债务不明；以分居为借口遗弃另一方；利用遗嘱排除对方的法定继承权等。此类事情如长期缺乏正确的法律规范,将有损于社会的公序良俗,影响社会的公平。分居期间夫妻财产关系问题妥善处理的前提是建立分居制度,规范分居期间的夫妻人身关系和财产关系,同时建立分别财产制。分别财产制符合分居后财产现状,因为分居后夫妻之间不再存在经济上的联系,分别财产制的适用可以实现双方权利义务的平等。因此,财产制的变更变得重要,夫妻财产制的变更不能由当事人任意设立和取消,只能由法院确定,即使当事人约定的情况也需要有法院的审查同意,以保护社会公序良俗和维护弱势方利益。分别财产制的适用需要区分情形,根据夫妻是否约定分居后财产制,可以分为有约定的和没有约定的两种情形。在有约定适用夫妻共同财产制的情形中,夫妻应该确定分居期间共有财产的用益权人,并将共有财产的情况向婚姻管理机关申请登记,以保护未管理方的利益。在没有约定财产制的情况下,分居期间法院应强制性适用分别财产制,当事人可以选择是否分割共有财产,未分割情况下同样应该将财产情况向婚姻登记机关申请登记。针对我国现阶段出现的分居期间财产关系问题,可以参照域外发达国家的立法例。如法国法规定从判决分居之时起夫妻间适用分别财产制；德国法规定从判决分居时起三年内不能分割共有财产；美国法中法院对未成年人利益的条款的干涉,还有大陆法系的特留份制度等,都值得我国在处理相关问题时借鉴。在分居期间的财产性质方面,当事人未约定时,夫妻各自财产收益应该归各自所有,债务由各自承担,但共有财产所生孳息或为满足夫妻法定义务的债权除外；在住房和生活日常用品的使用权上,应该优先考虑妇女儿童的利益,排除暴力侵权一方对房屋的使用权。为维护双方利益上的公平,住房使用者应该给予相对方一定的经济补偿。在夫妻扶养义务方面,严重违反夫妻基本义务,动摇夫妻感情的情形,应适当减轻或免除扶养义务人的负担；子女父母负担上,未承担义务一方应给予对方一定的经济补偿。在夫妻继承权上,对分居有严重过错的夫妻一方,可根据程度适当限制和减免其继承权；对于夫妻一方以遗嘱等方式将个人财产全部转移给第三人的情形,仍然应保留夫妻另一方的特留份。妥善处理分居期间财产关系问题具有重要的意义。为分居期间子女抚养和父母赡养提供了经济上支持,使分居期间的财产处于有序的管理之中,也为夫妻和好创造了基础条件。同时,通过立法的完善,可以为法官判决分居期间夫妻财产关系案件时提供合理的法律依据。并且,有利于我国现有的婚姻家庭立法体系的完善,有利于保证了社会的和谐稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 The so-called separation system is marital discord or legal separation grounds, the couple can be petitioned by agreement or court decisions, from the cohabitation and obligations of both parties, at the same time change the the corresponding couples the rights and obligations of the system. Separated from nature, is a legal act, according to the Civil Law principle of separation can also be identified as a civil legal acts, separated in a special stage on Marriage and Family Law plays an important role. Matrimonial property relations, including matrimonial property system, the couple who have three obligations of husband and wife inheritance rights. In practice, the couple is during the period of separation, often the ownership of property is unclear, the debt is unknown; abandoned by the other party as an excuse to separation; exclude each other’s legal right to inherit intestate. Such things as long-term lack of proper laws and regulations, would be detrimental to public order and morals of society, affecting social equity.Property relations for our current phase separation during the reference to the cases of extraterritorial legislation in developed countries. If French law provides for separation of property regime; German Law within three years from the common property can not be divided from the separation of the judgment; between husband and wife from the interference of the USA and France in the court of the terms of the interests of minors, as well as civil law from the time of judicial separation Department of special Reservation System, etc., are worthy of our country in dealing with issues related to learn. Separated during the nature of the property, the parties have not agreed upon, the husband and wife each property income should be the property of their respective debt borne by the respective common property accruing or legal obligation to meet the couple claims except; housing and daily necessities of lifeon the right to use, should give priority to the interests of women and children, to exclude violence infringing party the right to use the housing. To safeguard the interests of both sides on the fair housing users opposite party should be given some financial compensation. The couple support obligation, serious violations of the basic obligations of husband and wife, to shake the feelings of the couple’s situation should be appropriate to reduce or waive the burden of the support obligation; children on the parents’ burden, no obligations to the other party should be given some financial compensation. Serious fault of separated couples inheritance rights, spouse, according to the degree appropriate limitations and waiver of its right of inheritance; spouse wills, etc. All personal property transferred to the case of the third person, still retaining the husband and the other Forced Heirship.Property relations during the present stage separation, you can refer cases of extraterritorial legislation in developed countries. In the nature of property, each of the parties to the income of the property should be the property of their respective debt borne by the respective common property accruing to meet the legal obligations of the husband and wife except for claims; housing and living day-to-day supplies of the right to use, priority should be given to consider the interests of women and children, to exclude violence infringing party the right to use the housing. To safeguard the interests of both parties on fair housing users should be given some financial compensation for the opposite party. To couple support obligation, serious violations of the basic obligations of husband and wife, shake the feelings of the couple’s situation should be appropriate to reduce or waive the burden of the support obligation; burden of parents of children not assume the obligations of the other party should be given some financial compensation. Couples inheritance rights, the separation there is a serious fault of the parties, can be based on the extent appropriate restrictions and waiver of its right to inherit; for the parties to wills, and other personal property all transferred to the third party’s case, should be reserved Separated couples survival side of heirship.Properly handle during the period of separation property relations is of great significance. During the period of separation, child support and parental maintenance provides financial support to the property is separated during the orderly management, but also to create a foundation for couples and good conditions. The same time, through the legislative system designed to judge judgment during the period of separation marital property relations case to provide reasonable legal basis, and improve our existing marriage and family legislation system, reflecting the fair between the parties, and to ensure social harmony and stability.更多还原