论软件侵权复制品善意使用者的法律责任

【作者】 尹彩；

【导师】 孙文恺；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 软件侵权复制品善意使用者法律责任问题的研究具有重要的意义。所谓软件侵权复制品善意使用者,是指在功能性使用软件侵权复制品的过程中,不知道也没有合理理由应当知道其所使用的软件是侵权复制品的使用者。由于“善意”系属行为人的主观状态,所以在实际操作中,需要依一般消费者的行为标准来衡量,具体考虑以下因素：购买价款、购买途径、购买人的认知能力、销售商的保证情况。《计算机软件保护条例》规定了软件侵权复制品善意使用者的法律责任,该规定表明所有善意使用者都需承担停止侵害类的责任；但从最高院《关于审理著作权民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》来看,只有商业性使用侵权软件的行为才要承担法律责任,也就是说善意使用者是否要承担法律责任,要依其使用的途径和目的而定。这样看来,两项规定存在着冲突。目前在学术界,对软件侵权复制品善意使用者法律责任制度的研究存在两种截然不同的观点：否定论者认为侵权复制品善意使用者不应当承担法律责任；肯定论者认为侵权复制品善意使用者应当承担法律责任。否定论者依持的理由是：追究善意使用者的责任,有悖于《TRIPS协议》的规定、不利于国民文化水平的提升、不利于执法效果的显现、不利于著作权人专有权益和公共权益的平衡；肯定论者依持的理由是：软件版权领域没有适用善意取得制度的理论基础、善意使用者使用侵权软件的过程中因涉及到复制行为而侵犯了著作权人的复制权、追究善意使用者的责任有助于维护著作权人专有权益和公共利益的平衡。比较而言,肯定论者的理由更合理、更有说服力,但肯定论者所持理由并不全面,并没有对使用主体进行分类讨论,由于善意使用者使用软件的目的和用途不尽相同,参与市场经济活动的程度也不一样,与著作权人的利益并不必然存在冲突,因此需要对善意使用主体进行类型化分析,在支持肯定论者观点的基础上进行更为细致、合理的责任制度建构。主体类型化责任制度建立在侵权行为特殊构成要件——商业性使用、混合责任说——对停止侵害类和损害赔偿责任分别适用无过错责任和过错责任的归责原则、合理使用抗辩的基础上,将善意使用的主体划分为营利性组织、非营利性组织、政府部门、个人。营利性组织满足所有构成要件而当然承担责任；非营利性组织不满足商业性使用的要件而不承担责任；政府部门因其性质特殊而只需满足一般构成要件就应当承担责任；这里的个人因不满足商业性使用的要件而不承担法律责任。建构主体类型化责任制度的过程中,关于界定善意使用和恶意使用合理期限的设置问题、善意使用者因停止使用或者支付费用继续使用所引起的利益受损问题,都应当通过法律规定的进一步完善来解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of the legal liability of goodwill users who use infringing copies of software has great significance. The goodwill users don’t know and don’t have reasonable grounds to know that software being used is infringing in the functional use process. Because "goodwill" is a subjective statement of good users. Thus, in the actual application, the measure of "goodwill " need to consider the following factors of general consumer behavioral standard:purchasing price; purchasing channel; the cognitive ability of purchaser; sellers’guarantee situation. Goodwill users who use infringing copies of software’s legal liability is reflected in Regulations of Computer Software Protection. The regulation suggests all good users must bear responsibilities such as stop infringement. But as per Interpretation on Some Legal Problems about Civil Disputes over Copyright only software infringing of commercial use incurs legal liability. Thus, there is a contradiction between these two regulations.In the academic field, there are two opposing opinions about the research of the legal liability of goodwill users who use infringing copies of software. Negative commentators support that goodwill users who use infringing copies of software should not assume legal responsibilities, while positive commentators think they should. Positive users thinks that if good users consume legal responsibilities, it will violate TRIPS AGREEMENT, and will not be conducive to raising the level of national culture and the appearance of enforcement effect, not conducive to the benefit’s balance between proprietary rights of the copyright owners and public rights. At the same time, supporter hold the grounds that software copyright field don’t apply to theory basis of "acquired with good will"; and that during using infringing software copies goodwill users violates copyrights of copyright owns as it entails copying behaviors, and that it will benefit the balance between exclusive rights of copyright owners and public rights. In comparison, the latter reasons are more reasonable, and more convincing. But their reasons are not comprehensive, because they don’t consider subject classification discussion. Because good users have different purposes to use software and they are involved in the economy market to various levels, and the interests between the copyright owner and users does not necessarily conflict, we need to analyze and classify good users and start to construct a more detailed, reasonable responsibility system based the positive opinion.The system of subject classified is based on the following elements:commercial use; mixed liability:no-fault liability principle to stop infringing and fault liability principle to compensation for damage; defense to the fair use, then classify the all good user to for-profit organizations, non-profit organizations, the department of government and individuals. For-profit organizations need to consume responsibilities because of conform all elements; non-profit organizations don’t consume some responsibility owing to be short of the element of commercial use; government should to consume some responsibility as long as meet common elements; individuals don’t consume responsibility owing to be short of the element of commercial use. In the process of construct system of subject classified, there are some problems that need to be solved:how to define good-will use; how to compensate for the economic losses of good users.更多还原