【作者】 李萍；

【导师】 刘媛媛；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 廉价的劳动力,完备的基础设施和优惠的投资政策,使得中国在过去的几十年里成为外商直接投资的热土。我们不能否认,大量涌入的外资弥补了我国的资金缺口,带来了技术进步,提高了就业率。但是,污染天堂说、产品生命周期论、污染晕轮效应等国际投资的相关理论表明,外商直接投资(FDI)在转移资本的同时,也可能带来了污染的转移。而在《京都议定书》、《巴厘岛路线图》之后,环境问题已经成为全球关注的焦点,可持续发展成为时代的主题。在这样的背景下,我们有必要去思考FDI究竟对我国的环境有没有影响,从而反思我国目前的招商引资政策的合理性以及如何协调外商直接投资与环境的关系,最终为我国的对外开放提出些具有实践意义的建议。本文首先从理论研究和实证检验两个方面对国内外相关文献进行了综合整理。已有的理论研究表明FDI与环境之间具有一定的相关性,并且大多数的实证研究证实了二者的相关性,但在FDI加重还是减轻了我国环境污染这一问题上还存在争议。这些研究为本文奠定了基础,同时也表明了本研究的现实意义。其次,本文从个体、总量和结构三个角度分别入手,分析了我国FDI的现状及其环境效应。在个体上,本文以在华跨国公司环境污染相关案例为切入点,从而得到FDI环境效应的现实依据。在总量上,通过对我国FDI与环境污染的统计数据进行分析,发现我国FDI总量与工业废弃物排放量呈同时上升的趋势。在结构上,分析了我国FDI的来源国分布、产业分布和区域分布。从来源国看,我国的外商直接投资大多来自港台地区,而这些地区的企业大多集中在我国已经竞争激烈的加工业,对我国的环境造成了负面影响；从产业分布看,我国FDI主要分布在第二产业,而第二产业内部又集中在一些污染密集型行业,从而对我国的环境造成了污染；从区域分布看,我国的FDI呈现出东高西低的特点,通过相关文献也得到我国FDI环境污染呈现出东高西低的特点。上述分析从统计角度说明了我国FDI对环境可能具有负面影响。再次,本文对我国FDI的环境效应进行了实证分析。这一部分,本文基于“三效应”研究框架,借鉴前人的研究选取指标,采用了我国1985-2008年的省际数据,通过时间序列数据的单位根检验和JOHANSON协整检验,得到我国工业8O2排放量与我国FDI实际利用额之间存在长期的协整关系,并且建立误差修正模型,得到了二者之间的短期动态关系,最后通过方差分解,得到了我国工业SO2排放量各项影响因素的贡献率。通过实证研究,进一步证实了我国FDI对环境带来了负效应。最后,在前文的定性和定量分析的基础上,本文提出了相关的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s low-cost labor force, complete infrastructure and preferential investment policies have attracted a great deal of FDI in the past years. We cannot deny the fact that FDI can make up financing gap, promote technical progress and employment rate. But some international investment theories such as the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, the Product Life Cycle Hypothesis and the Pollution Halo Effect have proved that FDI may transfer pollution in addition to capital. After Kyoto Protocol1997, Bali Roadmap and Copenhagen Agreement, environment has become the focus of the world, and sustainable development has become the theme of the times. Under such a background, it is necessary for us to think about whether FDI has effect on the environment of our country, whether the investment policies in our country are reasonable and how to coordinate the relationship between FDI and environment. After that, some suggestion with practical significance can be given, which is expected to be useful for China’s open policy.Firstly, this paper overviews related literature at home and abroad separately from theoretical aspects and empirical aspects. Some theories show that there’s relationship between FDI and environment, and some empirical studies prove that. But there is a dispute over the effects of FDI on environment in our country. These researches lay foundations for this paper, and also demonstrate the realistic significance of this paper.Secondly, the paper analyses the present situation of FDI and its environmental effects from the aspects of cases, total amount and structure. It starts from the environmental pollution cases of multinational companies in China to get the realistic evidences. Then by analyzing the gross data related to FDI and environmental pollution, it discovers that FDI and industrial waste discharge both show uptrend at the same time. Next, it analyses FDI’s source of country, industrial distribution and regional distribution. In terms of source of country, China’s FDI are mostly from Hong Kong and Macao. The enterprises from these countries or states are grouped in processing industries which are bad for the environment. In terms of industrial distribution, FDI in China are grouped in secondary industries, especially in pollution-intensive industries. In terms of regional distribution, the eastern regions, which attract more FDI, suffer more serious pollution than the western regions. The above analyses statistically show a negative effect of FDI on environment.Thirdly, the paper tests the environmental effects of FDI in China by the provincial data from1985to2008. Based on three-effect research frame, it selects proper indicators using the experience of other researchers for reference. ADF tests and Johanson tests are applied to get the long term relationship between FDI and environmental pollution, and an error correction model (ECM) is established to get the short term dynamic relationship between the two. And then, this paper uses a variance decomposition analysis to show the various factors’contribution rate to the environment pollution. By means of empirical study, the paper proves the negative effect of FDI on environment in China.At last, this paper provides some suggestions to the related policies based on the analyses above.更多还原