【作者】 杨俊龙；

【导师】 薛立群； 贺宋文；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 兽医， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 行为是动物适应生态环境的方式,人们了解动物进化的途径之一是了解动物的行为。了解动物的行为有利于人类更好地协调和处理人与自然之间的关系,推动提高人类保护濒危野生动物的意识。无论是在自然界还是人工养殖状态下,研究动物的行为首要工作是了解研究对象的所有行为或一类行为。本文对长沙动物园在圈养和半散放条件两种不同的饲养方式下的东北虎的行为进行观察研究,就其春季行为及活动分配规律、半散放条件下行为活动时间的分配、产仔行为及人工育幼管理等方面进行了研究。结果表明：在圈养条件下东北虎的白天各种行为时间分配上有一定的规律性,其中用于睡眠的时间最多占41.36%,其次为走动占27.24%和卧息26.19%,其它行为仅占5.68%。睡眠、走动和卧息这三种行为构成圈养东北虎的主要日常行为。在半散放情况下东北虎的各种行为时间分配发生变化,每天运动的时间明显增多,主要用于捕食食物和巡视领地,占整个时间分配的41.76%,其次是休息占36.61%,摄食和社会行为分别占9.63%和6.32%,其它行为占5.68%。东北虎白天休息的高峰期出现在11：00—14：00时；运动摄食和社会行为均在9：00--11：00时和14：00—16：30时出现两个高峰期。东北虎产仔行为观察结果显示,母虎的产仔行为谱包括站立、行走、躺卧、嗅闻、努责、梳理、产仔、舔仔、叼仔、引导幼仔、其他行为；其中用于躺卧的时间最长,占产仔行为时间的41.7%,发生频次为21.1%；其次是舔仔的行为,占产仔行为时间的33.4%,发生频次为21.6%。产仔分娩行为的时间相对较短,时间百分率仅为0.3%；引导幼仔行为相对较弱,发生频次仅为2.3%。在人工育幼中,幼虎可以得到良好发育。触觉的发育表现为初生虎口唇周围触觉敏感,奶嘴触及口唇部位,会含住吮吸奶,但是抚摸身体其他部位感觉不敏感。10日龄后,触觉逐渐发育,对外界反应比较敏感。视觉的发育表现为初生虎眼睛紧闭,7日龄雌虎首先开眼,出现一裂缝,两天后完全睁开,但比较浑浊,还没有视力。幼虎9日龄开眼。到20日龄后,眼睛逐渐清澈明亮。运动机能的发育表现为初生虎的运动极不协调,随着日龄的增长,运动机能进一步完善,10日龄站立比较稳,30日龄能在地板上随意走动,35日龄能爬出木箱,40—50日龄开始跳跃、奔跑和捕食撕扯动作。因此研究表明,在圈养环境下东北虎的活力受到抑制,表现为睡眠的时间分配最多的,但在半散放环境下东北虎的活力得到一定恢复,获取食物的过程中社会行为增加,运动的时间分配明显增多；产仔行为中引导幼仔行为明显偏弱,弃子倾向较为明显。研究为了解东北虎在人工饲养下与野生状况下的差异和开展人工饲养种群野化训练提供了相关数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Behavior is the way in which animals adapt to the ecological environment, and it is also one of the ways to know about how animals evolved. Understanding the behavior of the animals can help human better coordinate and deal with the relationship between man and nature, improving the consciousness to protect endangered wildlife. Whether in nature or artificial breeding state, the first job to research animal behavior is to understand all the behavior or certain behavior of them..In this paper the Amur tigers in the Changsha Zoo were observed on their behavior in spring, with allocation rules of activity and time under conditions of captivity or half loose rearing. Besides, breeding behavior and management of artificial nurturing young tiger were researched.The behavior of Amur tiger showed in an certain extent the time distribution regularity under the condition of the captivity. One of the most was sleep time, which accounted for41.36%; walking is27.24%while time for lying down is26.19%. The three acts constituted the main daily behavior of Amur tiger.Under a half loose condition, the activity time allocation of Amur tiger changed and daily exercise time increased for food and patrol territory significantly, accounting for41.76%of the entire allocation of time, followed by the rest time with36.61%,feeding and social behavior with9.63%and6.32%, and other behavior time was5.68%. The peak periods of rest were11:00-14:00and movements for feeding and social behavior were9:00-11:00as well as14:00-16:30.The results of observation on farrowing behavior shown that behavior spectrum of Amur Tiger involved standing, walking, lying down, sniffing, abdominal contraction, expulsion of fetus, licking cubs, teaching and other action. The longest time was for lying down, accounting for41.7%and the frequency of the behavior is21.1%. The behavior of licking cubs ranked second with accounting for33.4%and frequency of occurrence was21.6%. The time for delivery and teaching were relatively short and frequency of the behavior was0.3%and2.3%respectively. In the artificial rearing the tiger cubs developed well. Newborn tigers were sensitive with touching around lips and had reaction to nipple for sucking. The touch sense in other parts of the body was dull until10days of age. Eyes of Newborn tigers were closed and first opened as a crack at7days old. The young tigers at9days old fully opened their muddy eyes without vision and gradually had function of eyesight after20days of age. The movement functions were developed with age in days, such as standing more stable at10days old, walking around on the floor at30days of age, climbing out of the wooden box at35days old, and beginning to action for predation and tearing at40-50days.The results show that the vitality of the Amur Tiger in a captive environment is suppressed and the most of time distribute to sleep. The vitality of tigers in a half loose condition could be restored to a certain extent and the time distribution of social behavior in looking for foods is increased significantly.更多还原