无铅自润滑双金属材料的研制及其性能研究

【作者】 丁莉；

【导师】 姚萍屏；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 材料学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 钢-铜双金属材料作为一种综合性能优异的自润滑材料被广泛应用于轴承轴瓦领域。本课题针对钢-铜双金属复合材料用的青铜一般都含有大量的Pb,从而给人体和环境带来危害的问题,本文首次以CuSn8Ni1粉末为主要原料,加入金属Al来Pb,以粉末松装烧结的方法制备了无铅双金属自润滑材料,通过特殊的铺粉方式,解决了烧结A1容易出现的问题。通过实验,确定了新型环保无铅双金属自润滑材料的原料成分配比及相应的处理方法；对烧结、轧制、退火工艺参数、操作方法等影响产品质量的要素进行了研究,同时对无铅双金属材料的硬度、结合强度、摩擦磨损等主要性能指标进行了检测；并研究了A1含量对新型铜基自润滑材料摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。主要结论如下：(1)用特殊的铺粉方式,通过初烧——初轧——复烧——复轧(精轧)——退火——校平等工序的工艺路线能制备出性能较好的无铅自润滑材料。制备的钢-铜双金属自润滑材料的显微组织均匀,铜合金和钢板实现有效结合；(2)A1含量对铜基自润滑材料的孔隙度和硬度有较大影响。材料的孔隙度随着A1质量分数的增加而逐渐增加,材料的硬度随着Al质量分数的增加而逐渐减低；(3)A1含量对无铅双金属自润滑材料在干、油态两种摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能有重要影响。材料的摩擦因数随着A1含量的增加均呈现出先降低后增加的趋势；(4)采用松装烧结生产A1代Pb铜基自润滑材料时,加入适量的铝(质量分数为6%)有利于降低摩擦因数,提高材料的耐磨性。制备的Al质量分数为6%的材料与市场上广泛使用的有镀层CuSn10Pb10轴瓦材料在同一摩擦条件下摩擦磨损性能相当,证明了铜基自润滑材料中A1替代Pb的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because Steel and copper dual metal materials have self-lubricating comprehensive performance, widely used in bearing fields. But as bronze generally contains a lot of Pb,which will bring harm to human health and environment problems, So Based on CuSn8Nil powder as the main raw material, join the metal Al to replace of Pb, with a special way of double spread powder, through powder sintering procedure was loose pack the lead-free dual metal self-lubricating materials. By experiment,suitable raw material and the treatment are concluded, Quality-affecting dements such as technical parameter and process of sintering, rolling, annealing.Through the experiment, determine the lead-free dual-metal self-lubricating materials’process parameters, such as sintering, rolling, annealing process parameters and operation method, etc(1) With a special powder spreading way, by first sintering—irst annealing—esintering—erolling can prepared better properties lead-free self-lubricating materials.steel-copper bi-metal self-lubricating materials produced using this method, have uniform microstructure, copper alloy and steel can achieve effective integration;(2) The content of aluminum has a great impact on lead-free bi-metal self-lubricating material’Porosity and hardness. Porosity of the material increases with the Al content gradually increased, the hardness reduce with the Al content increase gradually;(3) The content of aluminum has a great impact on lead-free bi-metal self-lubricating material’tribological performance, Whether in the dry environment or oil friction environment. The material’friction factorshowed such a trend, increasing first and then decreased, with the increase of the content of Al When the Aluminum quality score is 6%, the material’friction coefficient to a minimum, the oil states friction coefficient is 0.08985, the wear scar width is 1095μm, dry state friction coefficient is0.282, the quality wear is 0.0115g. Aluminum content continues to increase, the friction coefficient and wear volume increased (4) When using loosening sintering methods production Al replace of Pb copper matrix self-lubricating materials, add a little aluminum is helpful for reducing friction factor and improve material’wear resistance. when in the same test conditions friction,Aluminum content 6% materials and widely used on the market CuSnlOPb10 bearings materials have close Tribological properties,which proved Al replace of pb is feasible in copper matrix self-lubricating materials.更多还原