【作者】 李超；

【导师】 李则林；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 与水的接触角大于150°的超疏水界面材料的制备与应用受到了人们的广泛关注。超疏水金属材料在防水、防腐蚀、流动减阻、自清洁、抗氧化、无损液体传输等方面极具应用价值,已成为金属表面工程领域一个重要课题。一般制备超疏水表面的方法有两类：一类是在固体表面修饰低表面能物质,另一类是在疏水表面构建微纳米结构。本文采用几种简便的电化学方法,成功地在锡、铜、锌、铋等金属基体上获得了新颖微纳结构的氧化物和硫化物薄膜超疏水表面。主要内容有：(1)依据锡在氢氧化钠溶液中电溶解结晶现象,在锡的电化学活性溶解区域恒电势氧化结晶,构建了氧化锡“绒球”微纳结构薄膜表面,呈现出超疏水性,水滴的接触角大于150°。(2)采用氢气泡动态模板分别在紫铜片和黄铜网表面电沉积制备了三维多孔铅膜,经热处理后转变成多孔氧化铅膜,表现出超疏水性和亲油性,与水的接触角大于150°,与煤油的接触角小于5°。(3)采用方波电势氧化-还原法在氢氧化钠溶液中处理锌电极,步制备了具有超疏水性的花瓣片和锥体状氧化锌多孔薄膜表面,该表面无需化学修饰,与水的接触角超过150°。(4)铋电极阳极氧化制备出刺猬球状氧化铋薄膜,化学转化成纤维束状硫化铋薄膜。二者具有超疏水性,后者有较强的光电流响应。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wettability is an important property of solid surfaces which is governed by the surface chemical composition and geometrical structures. Superhophobic surface, with water contact angle larger than 150°, has attracted and more interest because it is of great significance in both fundamental research and industrial applications. Conventionally, there are two methods to produce the superhydrophobic surfaces. One is to modify the surface with low energy stuff, and the other is to produce micro and nano-structures on the surface.In this paper, we report some simple and convenient electrochemical techniques on fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces. Using these techniques, we have succeeded in the preparation of superhydrophobic surface on metallic substrates of tin, copper, zinc, and bismuth.(1) Based on the electrodissolution of Sn and crystallization of SnO in the solution of NaOH, we constructed micro-nano structured SnO "pompon" films on the Sn surface under control of constant potentials. There surfaces presented superhydrophobility with a contact angle more than 150°for the water drop.(2) Using cathodic hydrogen bubbles as templates, three dimensional porous lead films were respectively electrodeposited on the substrates of copper wafers and copper grids,which were then oxidized to porous films of lead oxides by heating the deposits in the air. The porous films showed superhydrophobicity and the maximum contact angle reached to 155°. The copper grids covered with the porous lead oxide film showed both superhydrophobicity and superoileophilicity and the contact angles were 152°and less than 5°for water and kerosene, respectively.(3) Superhydrophobic porous ZnO films consisting of petal flakes or cone-shaped ZnO have been prepared by a one-step method, namely, treating the zinc electrode with square potential pulses in the solution of NaOH with or without hydrogen evolution. This surface presented superhydrophobicity without chemical modifications, and the contact angle was more than 150°.(4) Though combination of electrochemical anode oxidation and chemical conversion, we prepared urchin-like bismuth oxide and fiber-like bismuth sulfide films, respectively. The prepared surfaces have superhydrophobicity, and the sulfide film also shows good photocurrent responses.更多还原