德宏地区阿昌族南传佛教仪式音乐的研究

【作者】 宋文贤；

【导师】 黄凌飞；

【作者基本信息】 云南艺术学院 ， 音乐学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 南传上座部佛教自十三世纪传入中国云南省以来,就与当地少数民族发生着千丝万缕的联系。经过几百年的发展,佛教思想已经深深扎根于其民族意识之中了。本文的研究对象户撒阿昌族芒旦寨就是信仰南传上座部佛教的村落之一,其宗教仪式文化深深地固化在这个民族中。本论文正是通过对芒旦寨五个佛教仪式个案的仪式分析,去探究以佛教信仰为核心的信仰结构中,各种不同形式的仪式音乐。而这又恰恰与芒旦寨所处的特定区域和所持有的文化传统密不可分。在此,本论文的研究取向是:分析五个仪式个案内部的仪式结构、仪式中音乐的结构,以及社群结构等方面,最终置芒旦寨阿昌族南传佛教仪式音乐在中国南传佛教大音乐文化圈的背景下,根据它所具有的本土化特征揭示出仪式音乐在特定的时空场域中,所实现的神圣和世俗的对话。全文分为四部分。在绪论中,笔者阐述了本论文研究的缘起、选题意义和目的、研究现状回溯、研究对象与案例选择、研究方法。在研究现状回溯中,笔者分别从阿昌族音乐研究现状、仪式音乐研究现状、音乐民族志研究现状进行梳理,并找出上述三个领域中尚存的研究空间,指明本论文研究的出发点;在研究对象与案例选择中,笔者阐述了本论文研究的具体对象与案例选择的原因;在研究方法中,笔者分别阐述了本论文研究的理论支撑、研究方法,并指出本论文的创新点。仪式音乐存活于特定的社会和文化传统中,并依存、归属和受制于其所处的社会和文化背景之中,因此在文章的第一章,从阿昌族历史、芒旦寨的历史、芒旦寨的民俗文化传统、芒旦寨的佛教文化分别进行阐述,其中在阐述“芒旦寨佛教文化”这一部分时,笔者尽可能的将南传佛教如何影响和渗透阿昌族芒旦寨的日常生活,客观清晰地描述出来。仪式音乐是仪式的重要组成部分,研究仪式音乐,就首先要对仪式结构进行分析。文章的第二部分,笔者选取了芒旦寨一年中具有代表性的五个佛教仪式个案,并借鉴了人类学中对于仪式案例的分析方法,对仪式现象中的仪式场景、仪式人物角色、仪式组织、仪式项目及过程予以清晰的呈现,已达到为下文中对仪式音乐的分析进行“深描”而作铺垫。音乐被视为仪式中的符号,在仪式中它具有象征性。因此在第三部分,笔者对五个仪式中较具有代表性的音乐类型进行了分析描述,把芒旦寨佛教音乐放置于其文化背景中,通过“局内观”“局外观”对“音乐”的不同理解和解释,尝试用一种具有地方性知识的话语来表述此族群的音乐构成要素。并力图透过阿昌人的音乐观念、音乐行为及其声音系统,“深描”文化持有者的音乐经验。第四部分笔者进一步从历史过程、社会维护和个人创造与体验等方面,以阿昌族芒旦寨为例,对仪式音乐的生成过程以及与社群结构的关系等方面作出分析并阐释其意义。在此基础上,本文的研究认为:仪式音乐是在时间和空间的两个维度中,在娱神和娱人的同时,反映了信仰者的人生观、价值观和宇宙观。作为云南省较少民族之一,芒旦寨阿昌族所信仰的南传上座部佛教,不仅仅是其核心的宗教信仰,更是族群的内部结构和关系更加牢固的保证。最后,笔者认为阿昌族南传佛教仪式音乐正是在中国南传佛教音乐文化圈的背景下,产生了具有的本土化特征的仪式音乐,这为今后南传佛教仪式音乐的比较研究,提供了新的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Theravada Buddhist have been connected with the local national minority in many ways since it came into Yunnan province of China in the 13th century. After decades, the religious faith of national minorities which belief the Theravada Buddhist have rooted in their national consciousness. As the study object of this article, Husa Achang national minority is one of the minorities above. Through the analysis of five ceremonies, the article explores the different formal ceremonies tone poem in the Theravada Buddhism belief background. And this has a close relation with the special living environment and culture of MangDan local inhabitant. So the goal of the article is that through the analysis of five ceremonies and the insider ceremony structure, the tone poem structure in the ceremony, the society structure and other aspects, put the Theravada Buddhist ceremony tone poem of Achang national minority into the background of China Theravada Buddhist tone poem cultural areas. According to the features of localization, reveal the special dialogue between the holy and common customs in the ceremony tone poem.The article is formed with four parts. In the preface, the author elaborates the origin, significance, current situation, object and methods of this study. In the review current situation part, the author arranges the current study situation of Achang national minority, ceremony tone poem and music ethnographies. And find something valuing researching and point out the starting point of this study. The author also elaborates the reasons of choosing study object and cases. In the study methods part, the author elaborates the theoretical support and point out the innovation point of the article.The ceremony tone poem survived in the special community and traditional culture. On the other hand, it depended and attributed of the special community and traditional culture. So in the first part, the author elaborates the history of Achang national minority and the history, the traditional culture, the Buddhism culture of MangDan county separately. Especially in the Buddhism culture of MangDan county part, the author tries to describe how the Buddhism influent and infiltrate the daily life of MangDan country in an objective way.The ceremony tone poem is an important part of ceremony. We must analysis the ceremony structure for the ceremony tone poem study. In the second part of this article, the author chooses five representative Buddhism ceremony cases in a year. And drawing on the analysis methods of ceremony in the anthropology, the author elaborates the ceremony scene, the ceremony character, the ceremony organization and so on. And this lay the groundwork for the thick description of the ceremony tone poem.The tone poem is regard as sign of ceremony. It has symbolizes in the ceremony. So in the third part, first the author describes the five representative tone poem phenomenon, and discusses the insiders– outsiders which is the function of ceremony. At last, the author raises her own idea after evaluating the“idea– conduct– sounds”. The author own idea’s raising is helpful“thick description”the tone poem experience of local inhabitant through analysis the factor in the tone poem conduct.In the fourth part, the author discusses the inferential comprehension of the ceremony tone poem in the Mangdan country for a further step. The author tries to analysis the ceremony tone poem produced process, and elaborates its meaning through Rice Pattern in order to interpretation the community structure relations of MangDan country. Beside, the author think the Buddhism ceremony tone poem of Achang national minority has the features of local cultural due to it is in the China Theravada Buddhism tone poem cultural areas background. At last, the author thinks ceremony tone poem reflects the local inhabitants’time outlook, sense of worth and wold outlook which between time and space two– dimensional space, accompanied with entertainment holy and common customs.更多还原