【作者】 朱新军；

【导师】 何林；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 农药学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)在我国分布广泛,是严重危害棉花、蔬菜等多种作物而又难于防治的一种害螨。该螨繁殖能力强,产卵力高,世代周期短,在短时间里能够迅速形成一定数量的种群,并且容易产生抗药性。本文通过比较朱砂叶螨敏感品系(SS)、阿维菌素抗性品系(AbR)体内γ-氨基丁酸(y-aminobutyric acid, GABA)含量及其合成、代谢酶活性差异,从生物化学水平研究朱砂叶螨对阿维菌素产生抗性与其体内GABA合成代谢酶的相关关系,旨在阐明朱砂叶螨对阿维菌素产生抗性的又一新机制,为延长阿维菌素的使用寿命,治理朱砂叶螨对阿维菌素的抗性提供理论依据。本研究获得以下主要结果：一、用药膜法对朱砂叶螨室内敏感和阿维菌素抗性筛选品系进行了生物测定(抗性水平测定分别用药膜法和玻片浸渍法),结果表明朱砂叶螨对阿维菌素产生了38.9倍抗性(玻片浸渍法为34.8倍)；阿维菌素与伊维菌素、低浓度氟虫腈没有交互抗性,而与高浓度氟虫腈存在约2.5倍交互抗性；增效剂DEM、TPP、PBO分别抑制了34.2、21.7和21.6倍抗性,三者联合可抑制24.8-33.7倍抗性。二、采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对朱砂叶螨SS和AbR品系不同螨态体内GABA含量进行检测,结果表明,与敏感品系相比,随着螨龄增加,抗性品系GABA含量不断增加：卵期GABA含量显著低于SS品系(为其0.56倍,P<0.05)；幼螨期二者无显著差异；若螨和成螨期则显著高于SS品系(分别为其1.79和1.56倍,P<0.05)。三、成功建立了朱砂叶螨谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)和γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶(GABA-T)的活性检测方法。检测结果表明：SS和AbR之间相同螨态GAD活性差异不显著,但同一品系内部未成熟螨态GAD活性约为成熟螨态的10倍,差异显著；SS体内GABA-T活性在卵期显著低于AbR,在幼、若螨期二者无显著差异,而在成螨期则显著高于AbR。更多还原

【Abstract】 The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), one of the most important pests on cotton, vegetables and other crops, is widely distributed in China. Because of its high fecundity and short generation time, the mite can form rapidly population of a certain number of stocks in a short period of time, develop resistance easily and thus it is difficult to prevent and control this mite.In the current thesis, the differences of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and the activities of the enzymes about GABA synthesis and metabolic from T. cinnabarinus of SS and AbR strains were comparatively analyzed. Subsequently, the biochemistry resistance mechanism of T. cinnabarinus to abamectin and the relationship with. synthesis and metabolic about the GABA was discussed. The aim is to reveal another mechanism of the abamectin-resistant strains, prolong the service life of abamectin, and to provide a theoretical basis for the management to the abamectin-resistant strains. This main results were as follows:1. The bioassay about laboratory maintained susceptible (SS) and abamectin-selected strains (AbR) of T. cinnabarinus was conducted applying the modified residual contact vial (RCV) method. The results showed that abamectin-selected strain of T. cinnabarinus has developed a 38.9-fold resistance to the SS (34.8 times for slide dip method). No interaction resistance existed between ivermectin and abamectin. So did between abamectin and fipronil at low concentrations. However, about 2.5-fold interactive resistance appeared between fipronil and abamectin in high concentrations. The synergist of DEM, TPP, PPO can inhibit AbR strains of T. cinnabarinus about 34.2、21.7 and 21.6 times of resistance and the mixure of the compounds can inhibit AbR strains of T. cinnabarinus about 24.8-33.7 times of resistance.2. The contents of GABAfrom T. cinnabarinus of different strains and mite stages were comparatively measured by HPLC. The result showed that compared with that from SS strain, GABA content in AbR strain increased along with the growth of the age. In the period of the egg, the content in AbR strain of T. cinnabarinus was significantly lower than that in SS strain (0.56 fold, P< 0.05); No significant difference existed between two strains at the larval mite period. As fornymph and adult stages, the contents in AbR strain were significantly higher than those in SS strain (1.79 fold and 1.58 fold, respectively, P< 0.05).3. The measurement method for the activities of GAD and GABA-T has been successfully established. The result showed that the GAD activities between the SS and AbR strains expressed no significant difference forthe same stage. But the GAD activity in adult stage was about 10 times that in the immature stages. For GABA-T activity, the value of egg mitewas significantly lower in SS strain.No significant difference between two strains was recorded both for larval and nymph mite periods while the GABA-T activity of adult mites was significantly higher in SS than that in AbR strain.更多还原