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《鬼谷子》研究
【作者】 梁伟伟；
【导师】 赵海菱；
【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2011， 硕士
【摘要】 《鬼谷子》是一部关于谋略思维的理论著作,该书行文风格简要精练,排比丰富且讲究押韵,古往今来的学者们对《鬼谷子》真伪及鬼谷子真实身份的界定等相关问题众说纷纭。本文通过考证诸史文献,推断鬼谷子应当为春秋战国时人,他隐居鬼谷山,即今天的河南省淇县云梦山,所著《鬼谷子》一书应为他教徒授课的教材,多从理论的角度对游说人君的方法措施进行归纳和总结,也因为此,鬼谷子历来被人们认为是纵横家的创始人。然考证《鬼谷子》思想内容,既与推崇仁义礼智的儒家思想相符,又渗透着道家的阴阳生物和崇阴贵柔思想,此外还广含杂取了阴阳家、法家、兵家、纵横家等诸子百家学说,堪称一部“通众家之意”的理论著作,因而应界定为杂家类著作。对于《鬼谷子》的评价,历来也是褒贬不一,的确,《鬼谷子》存在某些思想上的弊端,例如该书往往过于强调目的性,有时甚至主张为达目的不择手段,这便常常为后世的正统学者所诟病,被视为“蛇鼠之智”。然而,我们也不可因此而抹杀该书的价值所在,《鬼谷子》一书折射出的先秦诸子百家思想,有助于我们更全面地了解春秋战国文化史,书中不仅涉及了寓意深刻的谋略思想,更蕴含着丰富而深邃的哲学理论,即使对我们今天的工作生活也颇有借鉴意义。此外,《鬼谷子》一书对言语交流的认识为广义修辞学的研究提供了丰富资料,也为我们研究先秦文学的语言特色提供了可贵的文献史料。本文旨在前人研究的基础上,以文献史料为主要依据,客观科学地考证鬼谷子其人及其著作《鬼谷子》之真伪等相关问题,并重新阐释《鬼谷子》思想研究及历代评介中一些悬而未决的问题。全文内容大致可分为三个部分:第一部分:鬼谷子其人及其著作《鬼谷子》考关于鬼谷子是否有其人、他真实身份的界定和其隐居地究竟系何处等问题,历来都是众说纷纭,本部分主要对鬼谷子本人的相关问题和其著作《鬼谷子》的真伪、著作时代、苏秦作书说等相关问题进行了考证研究。笔者认为,鬼谷子在历史上是确有其人的,他生活于春秋战国时期,是纵横家代表人物苏秦、张仪的老师。《鬼谷子》内篇为鬼谷子所著,而外篇的三篇并非一个完整的整体。《本经阴符七术》与上中卷保持一致,仍然押韵,且用韵特点相差不大,而《持枢》、《中经》则概不用韵,很明显与《本经阴符七术》并非一作者。且从语言学史的用韵角度上考虑,《持枢》、《中经》两篇的著作时间肯定要晚于《本经阴符七术》,为后世人所伪托。第二部分:《鬼谷子》的思想内容本部分主要概述了《鬼谷子》的内容主旨,并通过深入的思想分析来阐释《鬼谷子》一书的思想内涵。鬼谷子主张“世无常贵,事无常师”,其著作兼取百家思想,广含儒家、道家、阴阳家、兵家、纵横家等诸子百家学说,笔者大胆对历来人们所认为的“纵横家独存之子书”给予了反驳,提出《鬼谷子》应归类于先秦时期的杂家著作。第三部分:《鬼谷子》的评介关于《鬼谷子》一书的优劣问题,历来也是褒贬不一。该部分综述了明清以前对《鬼谷子》的历代评价,并分析了各种评价产生的原因及时代背景。在承认《鬼谷子》的确存在某些思想弊端的同时,本部分从历史价值、文献史料价值、社会价值等几方面概述了《鬼谷子》的价值所在,肯定了《鬼谷子》的地位及作用。
【Abstract】 "guiguzi" is a book about the theory of strategic thought, which has brief and concise writing style and is full of parallelism and rhymes. My paper concluded that Guiguzi should be the person of pre-qin States, he lived on the mountain of guigu, which now in Qi County, Henan Province ." Gui Gu Zi," is a book of teaching materials, which has theoretical point of view about how to Convince others and summarized measures, but also because of this, Guiguzi‵viewpoint has always been considered as the founder of Zongheng scientist. However,by researching "Guiguzi" ideological content, both Confucianism and Taoist can be found in "Guiguzi", in addition to the other School of thoughts . So the book can be called a "pass all the meaning of school" ,the theoretical writings should be defined as an eclectic work. For the "Guiguzi" evaluation, is always mixed. There are some disadvantages of thinking modes, for example, this book emphasis the purpose too much , which will often criticized by orthodox scholars, be regarded as "the wisdom of snake and mouse ". However, we can not denied the value of the book, "Guiguzi"is a book that reflects the philosophical thoughts of the per-qin states, by which we can clearly understand the cultural history of the pre-qin States. Besides, the book not only has the profound meaning of strategy thinking, it is also has rich and deep contains philosophy, which even for today is very useful. This paper, based on previous studies, based primarily on the historical, research Guiguzi and the book of "Guiguzi" by a scientific method. In this paper,the content can be divided into three parts:Part I: An Exposition of guiguzi and his book "Guiguzi"Part II: The ideological content of "Guiguzi"Part III: the evaluation of "guiguzi".