【摘要】 先秦时期用马进行的祭祀活动，从形式上可分为两种类型，即马牲祭祀和车马祭祀。马牲祭祀是将马作为食品，献祭给天地山川这类自然神，以供其食用；车马祭祀则是将车马献祭给祖先神，以供其乘坐。这种差异不见于其他动物牺牲，具有一定的特殊性。从家马的引入和本土化历程来看，造成这种差异的主要原因在于游牧民族和农耕民族对于马的使用方式存在差异。前者将马作为骑乘交通工具和重要肉制品来源，常见马牲祭祀；后者将马作为驱动车舆的重要动力，常见车马祭祀。马牲祭祀多见于北方游牧民族及与其交往密切的秦、晋等国，又经秦晋渐次影响中原，并在战国中后期影响到荆楚地区。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sacrificial activities carried out by horses during the pre-Qin period can be divided into two types in form,horse sacrifice and carriage sacrifice. Horse sacrifice is the act of sacrificing horses as food to natural gods such as heaven,earth,mountains,and rivers for consumption. Carriage sacrifice refers to sacrificing chariots and horses to ancestors and gods for riding. This difference is not seen in the sacrifice of other animals and has a certain degree of specificity. From the perspective of the introduction and localization of domestic horses,the main reason for this difference is that there are differences in the use of horses between nomad and farming peoples. The former uses horses as a means of transportation and an important source of meat products,and is commonly used for horse sacrifice. The latter regards horses as an important driving force for driving carts,and is commonly used for chariot and horse sacrifice. Horse sacrifice was mostly seen in the northern nomad and the Qin,Jin and other countries that had close contact with them. It gradually affected the Central Plains through the Qin and Jin dynasties,and also affected the Jingchu region in the middle and late Warring States Period.更多还原