【摘要】 目的 了解南昌市西湖区结核病流行现状、发病规律及流行特点，为制定防治策略、采取针对性措施提供科学依据，遏制结核病发病率增长。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对2023年南昌市西湖区传染病报告信息管理系统中新登记的257例结核病例资料进行分析。结果 2019年至2023年结核病发病率总体呈现逐年下降趋势（χ~2趋势=45.72,P<0.001）,2023年发病率有明显回升；报告登记病例数高峰期集中在1月、3月、7月及9月；男性发病率明显高于女性，男女性别比为1.68∶1，差异有统计学意义（χ~2=17.83,P<0.001）；发病年龄以45～65岁为主，职业以离退休人员为主。结论 2019以来，西湖区结核病发病率呈明显下降，2023年有所回升。为有效遏制结核病发病反弹，需定期对重点人群、重点地区、重点时段进行监测，特别注意男性、45岁以上、离退休或家务及待业等易感人员的健康状况。早期发现和控制传染源是预防和控制结核病最有效的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives Tounderstand the epidemic status, incidence and epidemiological characteristics of the tuberculosis epidemic in Xihu District ofNanchang City,so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies and targeted measuresand to curb the growth of tuberculosis incidence. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of 257 newly registered tuberculosis cases in the infectious disease reporting information management system of Xihu Districtof Nanchang City in 2023. Results The overall incidence of tuberculosis exhibited a downward trend from 2019 to 2023(χ~2 trend=45.72,P<0.001), while there was a significant rebound in the incidence rate in 2023.The peak number of reported cases was concentrated in January,March,July,and September.The incidence of male was significantly higher than that of female, and the ratio of male-to-female was 1.68:1, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=17.83, P<0.001). The age of onset primarily ranged from 45 to 65 years,with the majority of cases among retired individuals. Conclusions Since 2019,the incidence of tuberculosis in Xihu District has significantly declined, whilethere was a resurgence in 2023.To effectively curb the upward trend in tuberculosis incidence,it is imperative to conduct regular surveillance on key populations,areas,and time periods.Particular attention should be given to the health status of susceptible individuals,including males over the age of 45,retirees,homemakers,and the unemployed.Early detection and control of infection sources remain the most effective strategies.更多还原