【摘要】 从20世纪70—80年代开始,叙事学家开始从形式哲学中借鉴"可然世界"理论来解释围绕叙事世界的一些关键问题:叙事世界的组成、叙事世界与现实世界的关系、叙事世界的分类以及读者对叙事世界的认知等。借鉴"可然世界"理论,叙事学家将叙事世界看成与现实世界平行的另一世界,权威叙事者决定这个世界的真实域,人物话语决定这个世界的虚构域;根据叙事世界与现实世界的读取关系可以对叙事进行详细分类;读者如何看待叙事世界取决于读者依据的参照点,若以现实世界为参照,读者将叙事世界看成可然世界,若以叙事世界为参照点,读者则将叙事世界看成另一个真实世界。"可然世界"理论还有助于解释很多后现代文本世界的运行机制。本文主要论述"可然世界"理论对叙事学的贡献与局限,并区分两位重要的"可然世界"叙事理论家(莱恩及多罗泽尔)之间的差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 From 1970-80s,narratologists began to borrow "possible worlds" theory from formal philosophy to clarify some key issues about narrative world: its compositional elements,its relations with the actual world,its classifications and its cognition by the reader.With "possible worlds" theory as their basis,narratologists look at the narrative world as another "actual world"(in parallel with the actual world),whose actual domain is authenticated by the(reliable) narrator and the virtual domains by the characters’ discourses.The accessibility relations between the actual world and the narrative world help determine narrative genres.The way the reader treats the narrative world depends upon his/her indexical point: standing in the actual world,the reader treats the narrative world as a possible world,but if recentered into the narrative world,the reader would treat the narrative world as an "actual" world.In addition,"possible worlds" theory can help clarify the operations of many postmodern textual worlds.This paper is mainly concerned with the contributions of "possible worlds" theory to narratology as well as the differences between Ryan and Dolezel,two major narrative theorists of "possible worlds".更多还原