【摘要】 “正”、“正在”与“在”是现代汉语中意义相近、用法同异互参的三个时间副词,它们形成的时间以及虚化的途径不完全相同。表同时的“正”出现最早,“正在”的形成与介词“在”后的处所宾语以及出现于“正在+VP”后的“之间/之时”等成分的脱落直接相关。由于时间副词“在”的出现是晚近的事,因而在相当长的时期中,“正在”与“正”表现出更多的相通性。明清白话到现代汉语中“正在”意义与用法的变化与时间副词“在”的形成有着内在的联系;时间副词“在”的形成也体现出动态的进行与静态的持续两种时间范畴意义表达手段的功能分化倾向。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern Mandarin, the three temporal adverbs zheng, zhengzai and zai are similar in meaning, but in usage they show both similarities and differences. The time at which they became temporal adverbs and the processes of their insubstantialization are not completely identical. The earliest of the three is zheng, which indicates si-multaneousness. The verbalization of zhengzai is directly related to the loss of locational objects after zai and of some elements like zhijian/zhishi occurring after "zhengzai + VP. Because the occurrence of zai as a temporal adverb was rather late, there was more in common between zhengzai and zai during a long period. An intrinsic relationship exists between the changes in meaning and usage of zhengzai and the verbalization of the temporal adverb zai. The verbalization of zai also indicates the tendency of functional differentiation between the dynamic progres-siveness and static duration, the two means expressing meaning of temporal category.更多还原