【摘要】 粮食安全是国家安全的重要组成部分，而种子是保障我国粮食安全的关键要素之一。本文基于中国种子协会网2012—2021年种子进出口贸易数据以及ISF(国际种子联盟组织)的相关统计数据，分析了中国种子进出口规模、结构、网络特征及其安全性。研究发现：(1)从进出口规模及其比较来看，近十年来中国种子进口量明显大于出口量，种子进口的增量快于出口增量；(2)在进出口国家(地区)方面，中国种子进口的来源国家(地区)较多但市场集中度特征显著，从洲际来看主要集中在欧洲和亚洲，种子进口的主要来源国家(地区)依次是荷兰、日本和美国；中国种子的主要出口国家(地区)同样集中在欧洲和亚洲，主要的出口市场依次是荷兰和美国；(3)在进出口网络结构特征方面，中国种子进出口网络规模不断扩大，但网络密度不断减弱，网络结构呈现出不平衡的结构特征，呈现出种子产业较为发达的国家主导的网络结构特征；(4)在种子供需安全度方面，除水稻和玉米种子以外，中国种子供需的整体安全性偏低。中国种业亟需大力提升自主创新能力，提高种业竞争力，提升种子供需的安全性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Food security is an essential basis for national security, and seeds are one of the keys to ensuring food security in China.This paper analyzes the scale of import and export, structure, network characteristics, and security of China’s seed import and export based on the seed import and export data from 2012 to 2021 on the Seed Association website and ISF(International Seed Federation).The study found that:(1)Judging from the scale of import and export and its comparison, China’s seed import volume is significantly greater than the export volume in the past ten years, and the increase in seed import is faster than the increase in export.(2)In terms of import and export countries(regions),there are many countries(regions) from which China’s seed imports originate, but the characteristics of market concentration are significant, from an intercontinental perspective, they are mainly concentrated in Europe and Asia.The main source countries(regions) of seed imports are the Netherlands, Japan, and the United States.The major Chinese seed export countries(regions) are also concentrated in Europe and Asia, and the main export markets are the Netherlands and the United States in turn.(3)In terms of the structural characteristics of import and export networks, the scale of China’s seed import and export network continues to enlarge, but the network density continues to tend to weaken, and the network structure presents unbalanced structural characteristics, showing the characteristics of the network structure dominated by countries with a relatively developed seed industry.(4)In terms of seed supply and demand security, except for rice and corn seeds, the overall security of China’s seed supply and demand is relatively low.China’s seed industry urgently needs to vigorously enhance its capabilities of independent innovation, improve the competitiveness of the seed industry, and improve the security of seed supply and demand.更多还原