【摘要】 灌溉水和农田土壤中的Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺污染以及必需矿质养分的缺乏严重威胁农产品的安全与质量.本研究开发的新型矿物-有机-磷复合材料（M-HA-P），有效解决了这些问题.M-HA-P由改性钾长石、褐煤腐植酸和磷酸二氢钾通过球磨、热活化和水热合成制备而成.在25℃的单一吸附条件下，M-HA-P对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附容量分别高达709和133 mg·g^-1，表现出优异的去除效率.而在复合吸附中，Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺在M-HA-P表面的协同作用增强了官能团的络合能力，进一步提升了吸附效率.重金属去除机制主要包括与氢氧化物、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、铝酸盐和硅铝酸盐形成的沉淀，表面官能团（羟基、羧基和醚键）的络合，以及π-Pb²⁺/π-Cd²⁺相互作用、静电吸引和离子交换.在单一和复合吸附过程中，重金属离子的存在形式存在显著差异.在灌溉水中，M-HA-P在10 min内对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的去除率分别高达90.1%和82.4%，并在60 min内K⁺、Si⁴⁺和Mg²⁺的浓度分别显著增加了597%、8.05%和708%.矿质养分的释放机制主要包括阳离子交换和沉淀-溶解反应.M-HA-P在p H≤0.5时可回收利用，而在p H≥3时，重金属解吸困难，显示出良好的化学稳定性.这项研究不仅为灌溉水中的重金属污染和养分缺乏问题提供了经济且可持续的解决方案，还拓宽了钾长石和褐煤腐植酸在环境和农业修复中的应用前景.更多还原

【Abstract】 The contamination of irrigation water and agricultural soil by Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺,along with a lack of essential mineral nutrients,poses a severe threat to the safety and quality of agricultural products.This study presents a novel mineral-organic-phosphorus composite material （M-HA-P） as an effective solution to these issues.M-HA-P was synthesized using modified potassium feldspar,lignite humic acid,and monopotassium phosphate through ball milling,thermal activation,and hydrothermal synthesis.Under single adsorption conditions at 25℃，M-HA-P exhibited excellent removal efficiency,with adsorption capacities of 709 mg·g^-1 for Pb²⁺and 133 mg·g^-1 for Cd²⁺.During composite adsorption,the synergistic effect of Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺on the M-HA-P surface enhances the complexation ability of functional groups,further enhancing overall adsorption efficiency.The mechanism of heavy metal removal involves multiple processes.Precipitation occurs when heavy metals react with hydroxides,phosphates,silicates,aluminates,and aluminosilicates,in the composite materia to form insoluble compounds.Complexation with surface functional groups （hydroxyl,carboxyl,and ether bonds）,helps to bind heavy metals to the surface of M-HA-P.π-Pb²⁺/π-Cd²⁺interactions,electrostatic attraction,and ion exchange also contribute to the removal of heavy metals.Notably,significant differences were observed in the forms of heavy metal ions between single and composite adsorption processes.In irrigation water,M-HA-P achieves removal rates of 90.1%for Pb²⁺and 82.4%for Cd²⁺within 10 min.Within 60 min,the concentrations of K⁺,Si⁴⁺,and Mg²⁺increased by 597%,8.05%,and 708%,respectively.The release of mineral nutrients primarily occurs through cation exchange and precipitation-dissolution reactions.M-HA-P is recyclable at p H≤0.5,and its strong stability is evident as heavy metal desorption becomes challenging at p H≥3.This study provides an economical and sustainable solution to heavy metal contamination and nutrient deficiencies in irrigation water,while also broadening the potential applications of potassium feldspar and lignite humic acid in environmental restoration and agricultural enhancement.更多还原