【摘要】 职业技能评价方法具有领域特殊性，厘清不同职业类别的职业技能评价方法的内部规律和差异性，对开展高质量的职业教育学业评价具有重要意义。文章采用质性研究范式，对不同职业类别的职业技能评价方法进行分析。研究发现：可以从情境性和行动类型两个维度划分职业技能评价方法；简单的“对—错”标准无法实现对职业能力的评价；纯的结果导向评价也不能对职业能力进行准确评价；计算机虚拟仿真测试无法代替线下实操考试。在设计职业技能评价方法时，建议根据情境性要求和行动类型不同采用不同的评价方法，采用事实性标准，注重使用整体性量规和分析性量规，将结果导向评价和过程性评价相结合，关注计算机虚拟仿真测试的效度和职业适切性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vocational skill evaluation methods are domain-specific. Clarifying the internal rules and differences in vocational skill evaluation methods for different occupational categories is of great significance to carry out high-quality vocational education academic evaluation. Thus, this research analyzes evaluation methods of different occupational categories using a qualitative research paradigm. It finds that evaluation methods can be divided into situationality and action types, they cannot be measured by simple right-wrong standards, nor can result-oriented evaluation, and computer virtual simulation tests cannot replace practical exams. When designing vocational skill evaluation methods, some issues need to be paid more attention. It is recommended to adopt different evaluation methods according to situational requirements and action types, taking factual standards, using holistic and analytical rubrics, combining result-oriented evaluation and process evaluation, and paying attention to the validity and appropriateness of computer virtual simulation tests.更多还原