【摘要】 土地承包经营权是通过承包产生的农地使用权利,设置土地承包经营权的初始目的是解决土地集体所有与土地分散利用的矛盾。自土地承包经营政策实施以来,中国农地制度持续朝着强化土地承包经营权的方向改革,致使集体土地所有权虚化。农村人口流动带来人地分离情况加剧,土地承包者与实际耕作者发生错位。在此背景下将土地承包经营权确认为用益物权,实际保护不耕作者的权利,这种权利配置方式违背物尽其用原则。日本和中国台湾地区的经验表明,高昂交易成本致使市场手段无法有效实现地权集中,锁定地权分散格局会严重影响土地利用效率。当前中国应当调整农地制度改革方向,确定以集体所有权为基础的农地制度设置。按照意思自治原则设计集体所有权行使机制,通过集体土地所有权行使直接实现土地集中所有向土地相对集中利用的转化,并通过所有权价值化实现集体成员所有权权益,同时满足地权配置民生、民主和效率三个基本原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of management of contracted land is to solve the contradiction of land collective ownership institution and land decentralized use. The reform thinking of strengthening the contract management right of land results in the grammaticalization of collective land ownership,and the dislocation of land contractor and actual land farmer. Currently, it needs to confirm the rural land institution establishment based on the collective ownership. By the use of collective land ownership, land centralized own turns to land relative centralized use. And by the value of ownership, all collective members can realize their ownership interests.更多还原