【摘要】 深水油气资源将是21世纪全球油气资源开发的战略性接替区域。高沥青质含量作为深水油气资源的一个重要特征，对油气开采、储存运输和炼化过程都具有重要影响，尤其是沥青质与蜡在深水油气开发过程中的相互作用至关重要。以深水油气资源开采为契机，从沥青质结构角度，对沥青质结构表征、沥青质在油水界面的分布、沥青质对蜡结晶和原油胶凝及沉积过程影响等进行了系统论述。结果表明：沥青质结构特征可以采用原子力显微镜等进行表征，且多以多环芳烃为核心，直链或支烃基作为其支链；沥青质结构中表面官能团（亚砜基官能团、吡啶官能团等）对油水界面的稳定性影响不一；沥青质对蜡分子结晶和沉积行为影响，目前研究多集中在定性层面，微观机理分析有待深入。但分析沥青质与蜡的作用关系、作用过程及机理，将是未来主要的研究方向，能够为深水油气资源开采与输送提供理论参考和技术支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deepwater oil and gas resources will be a strategic successor area for global oil and gas resource development in the 21st century. As an important feature of deepwater oil and gas resources, high asphaltene content has an important impact on oil and gas extraction, storage and transportation, and refining processes. In particular, the interaction between asphaltenes and wax in crude oil is crucial in the development of deep-water oil and gas resources. Taking deep-water oil and gas resource exploitation as an opportunity, starting from the perspective of asphaltene structure, the structure characterization of asphaltenes, the distribution of asphaltenes at the oil-water interface, and the effect of asphaltenes on wax crystallization, gelation and deposition processes were systematically discussed. The results show that, the structural characteristics of asphaltenes can be characterized by atomic force microscopy, and most of them are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the core and linear or branched hydrocarbon groups as their branches; sulfoxide and pyridine functional groups, etc. in asphaltene have different effects on the stability of oil-water interface; the influence of asphaltene on the crystallization and deposition behavior of wax molecules is mainly focused on the qualitative level, and the microscopic mechanism analysis needs to be further studied. However, analyzing the relationship, process and mechanism of asphaltene and wax will be the main research direction in the future, which can provide theoretical reference and technical support for the deepwater oil and gas resource extraction and transportation technology.更多还原