【摘要】 通过戏仿卡夫卡的经典作品《变形记》,麦克尤恩在小说《蟑螂》中以人虫之变的非自然叙事模式,讲述了主人公吉姆·萨姆斯由蟑螂变形英国首相并推行让金钱倒流的"逆转主义"的故事。作品引发了一系列让人疑惑不解的问题,其中最核心也最终极的一个问题莫过于为什么麦克尤恩笔下的主人公是一只蟑螂?这一问题在文本层面上表现为经历人虫之变的吉姆遭遇身心分离即身体与眼光的脱节,产生了对自己是谁的身份困惑以及变形所为何事的焦虑。对此,麦克尤恩一方面通过让吉姆以内聚焦的方式凝视一只正在地上爬行的蟑螂,使之在他者镜像中完成了蟑螂身份的自我辨识,另一方面通过混合运用"解叙述"和"非自然心理"两种叙述策略,揭示了"逆转主义"的"复仇主义"本质。本文指出,作为"一个古老传统的政治反讽",尽管《蟑螂》的讽刺矛头直指英国脱欧事件,但其终究无助于当下英国的脱欧之争。将蟑螂作为笔下的主人公,麦克尤恩意在暗讽对脱欧行为的合理解释不外乎是英国政客脑子爬进了蟑螂而导演的一出闹剧,同时希冀借助这一非自然叙事样式,让无奈的人们至少可以"在黑暗中发出一阵野蛮的笑声"。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a parody of Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis, Ian McEwan’s The Cockroach employs the unnatural mode of human-insect transformation to narrate a story of Jim Sams’ s transformation from a cockroach to the British Prime Minister and his financial policy of reversalism. The novel raises a series of puzzling questions, of which the core and ultimate one is why McEwan’s protagonist is a cockroach? On the textual level, this question is manifested in the form of Jim’s perplexity of his body-mind dichotomy, which makes him upset about his real identity as well as his mission of undergoing the drastic human-insect transformation. Through Jim’s internal focalization of gazing at a crawling cockroach, McEwan succeeds in making Jim identify himself as a cockroach in the mirror of "the other" on the one hand, while on the other hand, McEwan couples de-narration with unnatural mind to reveal the revenge nature of reversalism. This paper contends that as "a political satire in an old tradition, " The Cockroach targets at Brexit but makes little difference in the Brexit debate. Taking cockroach as the protagonist, McEwan mocks the Brexit as a type of unreasonable act performed by those politicians whose minds have been entered by the reckless, self-harming, ugly, and alien spirits of cockroaches, and with the help of this unnatural narrative work, at least he wishes to enable people to produce "some savage laughter in the dark".更多还原