【摘要】 汞离子(Hg2+)即使在微量浓度下也会给人类健康和环境带来危害,因此发展快速、经济、具有高灵敏度和高选择性检测汞离子的方法是非常重要的.纳米材料由于其优异的光学特性,为环境中检测痕量汞离子的光学传感器的设计提供了一种强有力的手段.基于纳米材料的光学传感器具有简单、快速、经济、灵敏等优异特性.本文综述了利用功能化纳米材料(包括贵金属,金属团簇,半导体量子点和碳点)检测汞离子的光学方法的最新进展,分别描述了比色法、荧光法和表面增强拉曼散射法对汞离子的检测路线,和每种检测方法的检测原理,最后讨论了未来发展基于纳米材料检测汞离子的光学传感器的前景和挑战.更多还原

【Abstract】 Mercuric ion(Hg2+),released from both natural and industrial sources,has severe adverse effects on human health and the environment even at very low concentrations.It is very important to develop a rapid and economical method for the detection of Hg2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity.Nanomaterials with unique size and shape-dependent optical properties are attractive sensing materials.The application of nanomaterials to design optical sensors for Hg2+ provides a powerful method for the trace detection of Hg2+ in the environment,because these optical sensors are simple,rapidly responsive,cost-effective and highly sensitive.This review summarizes the recent advances on the development of optical assays for Hg2+ in aqueous solution by using functionalized nanomaterials(including noble metal nanoparticles,fluorescent metal nanoclusters,semiconductor quantum dots and carbon nanodots).Detection strategies based on the Hg2+-induced changes in spectral absorbance,fluorescence intensity and surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals were described.And the design principles for each optical assay were presented.In addition,the future challenge and the prospect of the development of nanomaterial optical sensors for Hg2+ detection were also discussed.更多还原