【摘要】 一步炼铜技术具有流程短、环保效益好、投资成本低等优势,符合当前短流程冶炼技术的发展方向。本工作以高品位铜精矿为原料,利用理论计算结合实验的方法研究了短流程一步炼铜过程熔体物相、粗铜直收率、渣含铜等变化规律。理论计算表明,当铁硅比0.6时,通过添加CaO可避免熔体中尖晶石相的析出,1300℃熔渣中化学溶解铜含量约8.6wt%。实验过程探讨了喷吹氧量和熔体静置时间与粗铜质量及熔渣特性的关系。在1300℃时,以0.4 L/min的流量向80 g熔体中喷吹70 min50vol%的富氧空气,随后静置沉降2 h获得粗铜,铜直收率为82.12%。熔渣通过SEM-EDS分析发现,渣中存在大量尖晶石相,损失的铜主要以机械夹带形式存在,表明尖晶石相阻碍了金属铜颗粒沉降。更多还原

【Abstract】 Conventional copper smelting technology combines two steps of smelting and converting,with oxygen-enriched smelting as a typical representative.Intermittent operations would inevitably cause common issues such as long operation procedures and low-level sulfur dioxide pollution.Therefore,development of shortprocess for copper smelting technology is particularly necessary.Direct to blister copper smelting technology was carried out in a single furnace.It has the advantages of short process,good environmental benefits,and low investment cost,which is in line with the development direction of modern short-process smelting technology.The high-grade copper concentrate was used as raw ore for direct to blister copper smelting in present,and the method of theoretical calculations combined with experiments in lab-scale was adopted to investigate the phase transformation,blister copper yield,and copper content in the slag during the smelting process.Theoretical calculations indicated that the spinel phase in the melt can be avoided by adding CaO,as the ratio of iron to silicon was controlled to be 0.6in the raw material.The corresponding chemically dissolved copper content in the slag at 1300℃was approximately8.6wt%.The effects of the amount of injected oxygen and settling time on the weight of blister copper and slag properties was discussed.For 80 g raw material,the oxygen-enriched air （50vol%O₂） with a rate of 0.4 L/min was injected for 70 min,and then settling for 2 h.The experimental results indicated that the blister copper with a recovery rate of 82.12%could be obtained from a high-grade copper concentrate containing 45.94%Cu via direct to blister copper smelting at 1300℃.SEM-EDS analysis method was used to investigate the microstructure of the slag,which indicated that a large amount of spinel phase existed in the slag,hindering the sedimentation of copper particle.The copper in the form of mechanical entrainment was observed as a result.更多还原