【摘要】 突发公共事件中的社会创新面临极其严峻的资源困境。数字技术重塑了社会创新资源整合过程,为应急资源配置提供了新思路,然而现有研究尚未打开数字技术赋能社会创新的黑箱。本文基于资源编排理论,以疫情期间的中国数字社会创新实践为例,运用扎根方法构建了以“数字技术特征-资源编排方式-设计思维过程-社会创新结果”为作用路径的突发公共事件中的数字社会创新资源编排机制,总结了基于问题的技术开发模式、基于解决方案的场景迁移模式以及基于问题-解决方案的实时迭代与配对模式三种数字社会创新资源编排模式。研究表明,数字社会创新为解决突发公共事件中的社会问题提供了广阔的协作主体、规模化的创新方案以及快速实时的响应机制,打破了传统社会创新的资源约束,实现了社会价值的创造。本文研究深化了数字社会创新的内涵和应用,拓展了资源编排理论的研究边界,同时为创新生态系统研究提供了借鉴,为全球突发公共事件治理研究贡献了中国经验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social innovation in public emergencies is characterized by limited resources. The traditional mode of social innovation does not easily adapt to the requirements of scale, urgency, and abruptness during emergency circumstances. This results in problems and solutions “floating around” and challenges in matching of problems to solutions. Therefore, a new model of social innovation is required for the effective matching of problems and solutions. Digital technologies have reshaped the integration of resources for social innovation and are used to formulate new approaches for emergency resource allocation. However, the role of digital technology in promoting social innovation has not been elucidated. In the present study, we explore the application of digital social innovation in public emergencies and the role of digital technology in improving the interaction and coordination of resources within the social innovation ecosystem.Since this study aims to answer the “How” and “Why” questions, we adopt a multi-case study approach that is effective in establishing theories and discovering theoretical insights. We select three digital social innovation cases, including the Wuhan-2020open-source community, the Fresh Hema shared employee model, and the Health code development process as the study objects according to the theoretical sampling principle. Multiple information sources were used for triangulation of the findings, such as semistructured interviews, internal documents, and public documents to ensure the reliability and validity of the study. The grounded theory method was used to extract categories from primary sources through open coding, spindle coding, and selective coding, and to identify relationships between categories.The main processes used by digital social innovators to circumvent resource dilemmas in public emergencies were summarized through a grounded analysis of cases. Based on Resource orchestration theory, we construct a resource orchestration mechanism for digital social innovation during public emergencies with the path: “ digital technology characteristics-resource orchestration-design thinking process-social innovation outcome” and research propositions were presented. The propositions are as follows: 1) Digital technology determines the resource orchestration of social innovation. Digital technology alleviates the constraints of time and space in emergency social innovation owing to its openness, affordance, and generativity. 2) Resource orchestration in social innovation reflects the design thinking process. Resource orchestration using digital technology comprises collaborative orchestration, bridge orchestration,and empowering orchestration. 3) The outcome of social innovation is determined by resource orchestration and design thinking processes, which are based on the characteristics of digital technology. Design thinking approaches used during public emergencies include technological development pattern, scenario migration pattern, and real-time iteration and pairing pattern. 4) Social innovation is categorized as bricolage, constructive, or revolutionary social innovation according to the context, mode, qualities, and influence of social innovation outcomes. Three models of resource orchestration for digital social innovation during public emergencies, including problem-based technology development model, solution-based scenario migration model, and problem-solution-based real-time iteration and pairing model were then established using these categories.Digital social innovation is important in the management of resources for public emergencies as digital techniques are adopted to address social challenges, solve resource challenges, and achieve social values. The primary findings of this study include: 1)Openness, affordance, and generativity are essential characteristics of digital technology in the process of orchestrating resources for digital social innovation. 2) Social innovation organizations use digital technology for cross-sectoral mobilization of social resources and multi-subject collaboration, which circumvents limited resources challenge. 3) Design thinking permeates the entire lifecycle of digital social innovation, thus altering the problem-solving integration process. 4) Digital social innovation alleviates resource limitations associated with traditional social innovation and promotes social value through combination of digital technology characteristics, resource orchestration, and the design-thinking process. The theoretical contributions of this paper mainly lie in three aspects. Firstly, the findings provide information on the mechanism of resource management based on digital technology during public emergencies, which extend the research on emergency resource management. Secondly, the heterogeneous resource orchestration process and mechanism adopted by social innovators using the characteristics of digital technology is revealed, which adds important information to resource orchestration theory. Thirdly, the understanding of resource orchestration theory is extended from intra-organizational resource management to social innovation resource management. The results enhance the application of resource orchestration theory in multisubject and cross-border contexts. The findings expand the application scope of resource orchestration theory. The results provide practical insights for understanding and conducting digital social innovation and present the Chinese perspective on understanding global public emergency governance.更多还原