【摘要】 20世纪30年代初期,欧洲局势的变化使斯大林开始偏重于从地缘政治的角度重新定位苏联与资本主义大国的关系,试图加强苏法关系和建立苏法合作,防范和牵制德国未来可能进行的侵略扩张。1932年11月,法国和苏联签署互不侵犯条约。以后,在战争威胁增长的严峻形势下,苏联领导人确认集体安全是维护和确保本国安全的合适形式。1935年5月,苏法互助条约正式签订。但是,由于苏联同西方国家在意识形态和社会制度方面的矛盾和差异,他们无法成为欧洲集体安全的真正同道者。1938年9月《慕尼黑协定》后,苏联认定西方国家试图祸水东引。由于希特勒把最后的侵略目标指向英法的盟国波兰从而使苏联在慕尼黑会议后逐渐处于一种能够左右局势发展的极其有利的地位。1939年8月,苏联同德国签订苏德互不侵犯条约及其秘密附加议定书。这样,在欧洲即将爆发战争的紧要时刻,苏联从初始的集体安全转向最后的一国自保,完成祸水西推。斯大林做出这种选择的动机与苏联对外政策国家安全和世界革命的两大战略目标完全吻合。更多还原

【Abstract】 To restrain the future possible aggression and expansion of Germany, France and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact in November 1932 and then the Soviet-French Treaty of Mutual Assistance was officially signed in May 1935. However, due to the conflict and difference between the Soviet Union and western countries in terms of ideology and social system, they could not become real partners in the collective security of Europe. After the Munich Agreement was signed in September 1938, the Soviet Union affirmed that the western countries were trying to lead the troubles to the East. In August 1939, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and its secret additional protocols were signed between the Soviet Union and Germany. Therefore, at the critical point before the outbreak of war in Europe, the Soviet Union moved on from the security alliance to become a country of self preservation, completing the diversion of troubles to the west. The motive of Stalin’s choice fully conforms to the two strategic objectives of the Soviet Union in foreign policy, i.e. safeguarding national safety and pushing the world revolution.更多还原