【作者】 孙松林；

【导师】 李雄；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 风景园林学， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 岷江上游位于四川西北部,连接着成都平原与青藏高原,是汉藏之间的过渡地带,也是川藏间重要的交通廊道与枢纽。其高山深谷的地理环境、丰富的气候植被特征、多民族杂居的文化现象赋予了其独特而神奇的聚落景观,而偏僻、蔽塞的地理、交通环境又使得这些民族瑰宝得以保存,让人得见其神奇雄浑、苍凉悲壮的景观魅力。为了理清在同一地理环境中和同一民族中的藏羌聚落景观的同质性与异质性特征,以及这些迥异的聚落景观特征内在的形成机制与建造逻辑,本研究采用田野调查、数据统计、GIS分析、对比分析等研究方法对岷江上游的藏族与羌族聚落景观进行了比较研究。研究先对岷江上游的自然地理环境、历史人文环境和社会经济环境进行了概述(第二章);然后从宏观、中观、微观三个层面对岷江上游的总体聚落景观分布格局、各沟谷的聚落景观特征及11个典型样本聚落景观特征进行了分析(第三～五章);接着对同沟谷的藏羌聚落景观及同民族内不同沟谷的聚落景观进行了横向与纵向的对比、区分,并作了总结与评价(第六章);在此基础上,对岷江上游聚落景观的内在形成机制进行了深入的剖析(第七章);最后总结归纳了岷江上游聚落景观的基本模式与演替逻辑(第八章)。研究结论如下:1.藏羌聚落景观总体上具有沿岷江水系线性发展、沿海拔垂直分异的特征,2.藏族与羌族聚落在海拔、地貌、坡度坡向、资源关系上存在明显的分布差异,3.同一民族的聚落景观在岷江上游有多种表达方式,4.同区域内的藏羌聚落景观存在同质化现象,5.资源匮乏导致不同族群间激烈的生存竞争与势力分化,6.岷江上游的聚落景观是以自然地理为基础,以历史人文为辅助变量而综合形成的,7.资源、产业、生产力、道路交通、文化交流、行政干预、自然灾害共同驱动聚落景观的演变。本研究首次对岷江上游的藏族与羌族聚落景观特征进行了全面的比较研究,总结出了藏羌聚落景观之间的同质性与异质性特征,并对藏羌族聚落景观特征的形成给出了科学的解释与解答,还对岷江上游聚落景观的基本模式和演替逻辑进行了归纳与总结,并初步绘制了的岷江上游聚落景观基因图谱。研究成果有助于拯救与保护岷江上游独特的自然与文化遗产,助力民族地区的团结繁荣与可持续发展,并对西部大开发中的风貌建设、旅游开发、经济发展与地域性景观营造具有较强的理论和实践指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The upper reaches of the Minjiang River lies the northwestern part of Sichuan Province,connecting the Chengdu Plain and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is a transitional zone between the Han-Tibet and an important traffic corridor and hub between Sichuan and Tibet.The geographical environment of alpine canyon,rich climate and vegetation characteristics,and multi-ethnic mixed cultural phenomenon give it unique and amazing settlement landscape.On the other side,the remote geography and closed traffic environment make these national gems preserved,so people can see their magic,bold and tragic landscape.In order to clarify the homogeneity and heterogeneity characteristics between the Tibetan and Qiang’s settlement landscape in the same geographical environment and ethnic group,as well as the inner forming mechanism and construction logic of these disparate settlement landscape,this research has carried on the comparative study on the Tibetan and Qiang’s settlement landscape features in the upper reaches of Minjiang River by the field investigation,data statistics,analysis of GIS,comparative analysis,etc.The study firstly gives an overview of the natural geography environment,historical humanistic environment and socio-economic environment of the upper reaches of Minjiang River(chapter 2).Then,from the macro,meso,and micro perspectives,the distribution pattern of the overall landscape in the upper reaches of Minjiang River,the settlement landscape features of each valley and the landscape features of 11 typical sample settlements were analyzed(chapter 3～5);Then horizontal and vertical comparisons and distinctions,and a summary and evaluation were made between the Tibetan and Qiang’s settlement landscape features in the same valley and the different valleys in the same ethnic group(chapter 6).Based on this,an in-depth analysis of the intrinsic formation mechanism of the settlement landscape is carried out(chapter 7).Finally,it summarizes the basic mode and the logic of succession of the settlement landscape in the upper reaches of Minjiang River(chapter 8).Research conclusions are as follows:1.The Tibetan and Qiang’s settlement landscape generally has a feature of linear development along the Minjiang River and vertical differentiation along the elevation.,2.There is a clear distributional difference between Tibetan and Qiang’s settlement in elevation,landform,slope aspect,and resources.3.The settlement landscape of the same ethnic group has multiple expression modes in the upper reaches of Minjiang River.4.There is homogenization of the Tibetan and Qiang’s settlement landscape in the same area.5.The lack of resources leads to fierce survival competition and differentiation among different ethnic groups.6.The settlement landscape in the upper reaches of Minjiang River was based on natural geography and integrated formed by the historical and humanitiesculture.7.Resources,industries,productivity,road traffic,cultural exchanges,administrative interventions,and natural disasters all contributed to the evolution of the settlement landscape.For the first,this study conducted a comprehensive comparative study on the Tibetan and Qiang’s settlement landscape in the upper reaches of Minjiang River,and summarized the homogeneity and heterogeneity among the Tibetan and Qiang’s settlement landscapes,and provided scientific explanations and answers on the formation of the Tibetan and Qiang’s settlement landscape,and summarized.The basic mode and succession logics of the settlement landscapes in the upper reaches of Minjiang River are also summarized.A preliminary landscape genetic map of settlement in the upper reaches of Minjiang River has been drawn.The research results are helpful to save and protect the unique natural and cultural heritage in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River,and helpful to the prosperity and sustainable development of the ethnic regions,and have important theoretical and practical guiding significance for the tourism development,economic development and regional landscape construction in the Western Development.更多还原