【作者】 方志刚；

【导师】 过学迅；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 车辆工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 减振器是汽车悬架的重要组成部分,它的作用是迅速衰减车辆的振动。普通减振器是通过将振动能量转变为热能的方式实现快速减振。而本文的研究对象液电馈能式减振器,则是通过一套机电液耦合系统将振动能量回收,从而达到迅速减振的目的。本文重点针对馈能式减振器的能量回收潜力、最优能量回收以及液电馈能式减振器的固有特性与外特性等方面进行了探索与研究。首先研究了馈能式减振器的能量回收潜力,从道路谱的定义出发,通过理论推导,并引入车辆悬架的传递方程,明确了特定车辆参数时,车辆悬架减振器的能量耗散功率。提出了仅与悬架运动参数相关的悬架能量耗散因子,总结出车轮刚度与悬架能量耗散功率成正比,非簧载质量、簧载质量、阻尼系数与悬架刚度对悬架能量耗散因子的影响非常小,提出并推导了被动悬架能量耗散功率的理论计算方法。对液电馈能式减振器的能量传递系统进行了分析,研究了电路中的负载电阻与电机内电阻以及液压系统的阻尼与能量回收的关系,建立并推导了相应的数学模型。求解出不同激励频率下,基于最大能量回收的最优负载电阻。并通过负载电阻与悬架阻尼比的关系,推导出阻尼比与可回收能量的关系,求解出不同激励频率下,基于最大能量回收的带约束的最优阻尼比。通过总结液电馈能式减振器的第一代样机的特点与不足,仿真分析设计了第二代样机,并试制了第二代原理样机以及相应的试验台架。对液电馈能式减振器的阻尼特性与馈能特性进行了理论以及试验研究,首先从理论上对液电馈能式减振器的阻尼力进行分析,明确其阻尼力的影响因素,通过台架试验进行验证。同时通过台架试验也明确液电馈能式减振器样机的阻尼特性以及馈能特性,试验结果验证了能量回收的可行性,最后还分析了高频激励作用对系统馈能特性的影响。对液电馈能式减振器的液压系统与电路进行了分析,探索并总结了液电馈能式减振器的固有特性,建立并推导了系统阻尼力的模型,得到液电馈能式减振器由于其独特的结构形式,其存在容积可变特性、内泄漏特性、空程畸变特性、稳压特性以及主动可控特性,分析并总结其固有特性中有利于系统馈能与减振特性,改善系统的性能,并从理论上及时发现液电馈能式减振器可能存在的不足与缺陷。对比理论数据与试验结果,验证了液电馈能式减振器能在实现减振的同时回收部分能量,并分析了高频激励对系统馈能性能的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shock absorber is an important component of the automobile suspension, and its role is the rapid decay the vibration of the vehicle. Damping of ordinary shock absorber is achieved by converted the vibration energy to heat. The research object of this paper is hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber, and it achieves the rapid vibration damping by recovery the vibration energy through a set of electro-hydraulic coupling system. Exploration and research are carried out on the potential of energy regenerative shock absorber, optimal energy recovery, internal and external characteristics of hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber and so on.First of all, the potential of energy regenerative shock absorber is carried out from the definition of road spectrum. From the suspension transfer equations, the energy-dissipated power is deduced from specific vehicle parameters theoretically. Suspension energy-dissipated factor is proposed which related to the suspension parameters only, and get the conclusion that, the suspension energy-dissipated power is proportional to the wheel stiffness, while almost has nothing to do with the unsprung mass, sprung mass, damping coefficient and suspension stiffness. And the equation of shock absorber energy-dissipated power is summarized under certain conditions.From the two-degree-of-freedom vibration model, get the maximum energy recovery under different excitation frequency. Solve the optimal load resistance based on the maximum energy recovery under different excitation frequency. And by the relationship of the load resistance and suspension damping ratio, deduce the equation of damping ratio and recyclable energy. Then get the maximum energy recovery under constrained optimal damping ratio under different excitation frequency.The characteristics and shortcomings of the first-generation prototype of the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber are summarized. Then the second-generation prototype are designed and simulated, and the prototype and corresponding bench are trial-production. Studies are carried out on the damping characteristics and energy-regenerative characteristics of hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber. Firstly, theoretical analysis is carried out on the damping force of hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber, and the impact factors of the damping force are clear; then, the conclusion is verified by the test, and the damping characteristics of the prototype is clear. Meanwhile, the energy-regenerative characteristics are tested, and the test results demonstrate the feasibility of energy recovery. Finally, the impact of high-frequency excitation on the energy-regenerative characteristics is analyzed.Analysis is carried out on hydraulic system and the circuit of hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber. The internal characteristics of hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber are explored and summarized by theoretical and tested in this paper. The system model of the damping is established and deduced, and get that the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber has the characteristics of variable volume, internal leakage, cavitation, oil pressure stable as well as active-controlled. The theoretical analysis and experimental results are both verified the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber can isolate vibration while recover energy.更多还原